We previously showed that dual decline in memory and gait speed was associated with an increased risk of dementia compared to memory or gait decline only or no decline. We now characterized cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of dual decliners by comparing longitudinal rates of change in various cognitive domains (n = 664) and brain volumes (n = 391; selected frontal, temporal, parietal, subcortical, and cerebellar areas) in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants who experienced age-related dual decline to others. Compared to others, dual decliners had steeper declines in verbal fluency, attention, and sensorimotor function by Pegboard nondominant hand performance. Dual decliners had greater brain volume loss in superior frontal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, precuneus, thalamus, and cerebellum (all p ≤ 0.01). Participants with age-related dual decline experienced steeper declines in multiple cognitive domains and greater brain volume loss in cognitive, sensorimotor, and locomotion areas. Impaired sensorimotor integration and locomotion are underlying features of dual decline. Whether these features contribute to the increased risk of dementia should be investigated.

中文翻译：

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记忆力和步态速度双重下降的老年人的认知和神经影像学特征

我们之前表明，与记忆力或步态仅下降或没有下降相比，记忆力和步态速度的双重下降与痴呆风险增加有关。我们现在通过比较巴尔的摩纵向研究中各种认知领域（n = 664）和脑容量（n = 391；选定的额叶、颞叶、顶叶、皮层下和小脑区域）的纵向变化率来表征双重衰退者的认知和神经影像学特征经历与年龄相关的双重衰退的老龄参与者。与其他人相比，双拒绝者在语言流畅性、注意力和感觉运动功能方面的下降幅度更大，因为 Pegboard 非优势手的表现。双下降者的额上回、顶上回、楔前叶、丘脑和小脑的脑容量损失更大（所有 p ≤ 0.01）。与年龄相关的双重衰退的参与者在多个认知领域经历了更急剧的衰退，在认知、感觉运动和运动领域的脑容量损失更大。受损的感觉运动整合和运动是双重衰退的潜在特征。应调查这些特征是否会导致痴呆风险增加。