Abstract The separation behavior of soft tissue under the impact of a high-speed waterjet is actually the effect of continuous fracture, which is accompanied by elastic deformation of the soft tissue. The dynamic monitoring and quantification of deformation behavior is of great significance to understand the mechanisms of fracture and separation of soft tissues. As a common soft tissue substitute, the dynamic separation process of gelatin samples under high-speed waterjet impact was quantified by optical methods. This study found that the deformation of soft tissue under high-speed waterjet impact has a large frequency, indicating that the elastic energy of soft tissue is alternately released and stored under waterjet impact. Based on the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network and adjacent average method, the elastic energy storage and release frequency and amplitude during the separation process were reduced and extracted through the reduction model, which provided a reliable method for the numerical quantification research of the fracture mechanics of the soft tissue separation process. The reduction model has stronger reducibility in the impact depth range of approximately 3 mm. The results show that the greater the frequency of dynamic deformation, the greater the average amplitude. Under the same impact conditions, the elastic energy storage and release of the tissue with a smaller elastic modulus during impact separation is more intense, and its utilization of the waterjet kinetic energy is lower, that is, the energy conversion efficiency of the waterjet kinetic energy into the tissue fracture energy is lower.

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高速水射流冲击下软组织连续断裂及其量化方法

摘要 高速水刀冲击下软组织的分离行为实际上是连续断裂的作用，伴随着软组织的弹性变形。变形行为的动态监测和量化对于理解软组织断裂和分离的机制具有重要意义。作为一种常见的软组织替代品，明胶样品在高速水射流冲击下的动态分离过程通过光学方法进行量化。本研究发现，软组织在高速水射流冲击下的变形频率较大，表明软组织的弹性能量在水射流冲击下交替释放和储存。基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络和相邻平均法，通过缩减模型对分离过程中的弹性能量储存和释放频率和振幅进行了缩减提取，为软组织分离过程断裂力学的数值量化研究提供了可靠的方法。还原模型在大约 3 mm 的冲击深度范围内具有更强的还原性。结果表明，动态变形频率越大，平均振幅越大。在相同的冲击条件下，弹性模量较小的组织在冲击分离时的弹性能量储存和释放更强烈，其对水刀动能的利用较低，即水刀动能的能量转换效率进入组织断裂能量较低。