Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for recent ongoing public health emergency in the world. Sharing structural and behavioral similarities with its ancestors [SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)], SARS-CoV-2 has lower fatality but faster transmission. We have gone through a long path to recognize SARS and MERS, therefore our knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 is not raw. Various responses of the immune system account for the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Given the innate immune response as the front line of defense, it is immediately activated after the virus entry. Consequently, adaptive immune response is activated to eradicate the virus. However, this does not occur in every case and immune response is the main culprit causing the pathological manifestations of COVID-19. Lethal forms of the disease are correlated with inefficient and/or insufficient immune responses associated with cytokine storm. Current therapeutic approach for COVID-19 is in favor of suppressing extreme inflammatory responses, while maintaining the immune system alert and responsive against the virus. This could be contributing along with administration of antiviral drugs in such patients. Furthermore, supplementation with different compounds, such as vitamin D, has been tested to modulate the immune system responses. A thorough understanding of chronological events in COVID-19 contributing to the development of a highly efficient treatment has not figured out yet. This review focuses on the virus-immune system interaction as well as currently available and potential therapeutic approaches targeting immune system in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 是最近全球持续发生的突发公共卫生事件的罪魁祸首。SARS-CoV-2 与其祖先 [SARS 和中东呼吸综合症 (MERS)] 具有结构和行为相似性，死亡率较低，但传播速度更快。我们经历了漫长的认识 SARS 和 MERS 的过程，因此我们对 SARS-CoV-2 的了解并不原始。免疫系统的各种反应导致了 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的广泛临床表现。鉴于先天免疫反应是第一道防线，它在病毒进入后立即被激活。因此，适应性免疫反应被激活以消灭病毒。然而，这种情况并非在所有病例中都会发生，免疫反应是引起COVID-19病理表现的罪魁祸首。该疾病的致命形式与细胞因子风暴相关的低效和/或不足的免疫反应有关。目前针对 COVID-19 的治疗方法有利于抑制极端炎症反应，同时保持免疫系统对病毒的警觉和反应。这可能与此类患者服用抗病毒药物有关。此外，补充不同的化合物（例如维生素 D）已被测试可以调节免疫系统反应。尚未弄清楚有助于开发高效治疗方法的对 COVID-19 按时间顺序发生的事件的透彻理解。本综述重点关注病毒与免疫系统的相互作用，以及针对免疫系统治疗 COVID-19 患者的当前可用和潜在的治疗方法。