In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and interdisciplinary review of ‘failure’ in transitions research. What is meant by failure, and is the community biased against it? How is failure explained through different perspectives? How can failures be addressed more appropriately in transitions studies? We synthesize a large body of evidence spanning transitions studies, innovation studies, science and technology studies, organisation and management studies, policy studies and the history of technology to probe and sharpen these questions. We examine within these literatures the instances and possibilities of success with transitions and discuss why this may be problematic, organising our analysis around four types of bias (selection, cognitive, interpretive, and prescription). In addition, we review three ‘families’ of framings of failure put forward in and around the socio-technical transitions literature, notably discrete failure events, systemic failings and processual accounts of failure, and discuss how they can be constructively put to work.

在本文中，我们对过渡研究中的“失败”进行了全面而跨学科的综述。失败是什么意思，社区对此有偏见吗？如何从不同角度解释失败？在过渡研究中如何更恰当地解决故障？我们综合了涵盖过渡研究，创新研究，科学技术研究，组织和管理研究，政策研究以及技术历史的大量证据，以探究并提出这些问题。我们在这些文献中研究了过渡成功的实例和成功的可能性，并讨论了为什么这可能会带来问题，围绕四种类型的偏见（选择，认知，解释和处方）组织了我们的分析。此外，