Abstract Landslide hazards often occur in succession with multiple hazardous processes. The elements at risk such as buildings are therefore exposed to a multi-hazard environment. Multi-vulnerability assessment is a critical component of multi-hazard risk analysis. In this paper, effect of hazard interactions on the physics of building damage is formulated from the perspective of triggering and temporal relations. A fragility analysis framework for generating physics-based vulnerability models for sequentially and concurrently occurring hazards is proposed. Monte Carlo simulation is used in the framework to include the uncertainties from both hazard intensity and building properties. The framework is illustrated by evaluating the failure probability of a typical reinforced concrete building impacted by multiple surges of debris flows. Considering specific debris flow-building interaction mechanisms, nonlinear finite-element pushover analysis is adopted to obtain the building response under debris flow impact. By quantifying the physical damage caused by the primary debris flow, the cumulative damage effect of the sequentially occurring debris flows is formulated. The amplified damage effect of the concurrently occurring debris flows is however case specific. The proposed methodology shows potential to address more complex multi-hazard scenarios and enhance the multi-vulnerability assessment, filling the research gap on multi-vulnerability assessment for landslide hazards.

中文翻译：

---

建筑物对泥石流的多危害脆弱性

摘要 滑坡灾害往往在多个灾害过程中相继发生。因此，建筑物等处于危险中的元素会暴露在多种危险环境中。多重脆弱性评估是多重危害风险分析的重要组成部分。在本文中，从触发和时间关系的角度阐述了灾害相互作用对建筑物损坏物理的影响。提出了一种脆弱性分析框架，用于为顺序和同时发生的灾害生成基于物理的脆弱性模型。框架中使用蒙特卡罗模拟来包括来自危险强度和建筑特性的不确定性。该框架通过评估受多次泥石流冲击的典型钢筋混凝土建筑的失效概率来说明。考虑特定泥石流-建筑物相互作用机制，采用非线性有限元Pushover分析获得泥石流冲击下的建筑物响应。通过量化原生泥石流造成的物理破坏，公式化了依次发生的泥石流的累积破坏效应。然而，同时发生的泥石流的放大破坏效应是具体情况。所提出的方法显示出解决更复杂的多灾害情景和加强多脆弱性评估的潜力，填补了滑坡灾害多脆弱性评估的研究空白。通过量化原生泥石流造成的物理破坏，公式化了依次发生的泥石流的累积破坏效应。然而，同时发生的泥石流的放大破坏效应是具体情况。所提出的方法显示出解决更复杂的多灾害情景和加强多脆弱性评估的潜力，填补了滑坡灾害多脆弱性评估的研究空白。通过量化原生泥石流造成的物理破坏，公式化了依次发生的泥石流的累积破坏效应。然而，同时发生的泥石流的放大破坏效应是具体情况。所提出的方法显示出解决更复杂的多灾害情景和加强多脆弱性评估的潜力，填补了滑坡灾害多脆弱性评估的研究空白。