Abstract This paper examines the capability of meeting the simultaneous electricity and thermal load demand of an off-grid community with different configurations of hybrid system. The studied configurations include the solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) and Li-ion battery. The model considers the utilisation of the excess energy, recovered waste heat, and different power management strategies using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) software. With and without waste heat recovery options along with the thermal load controller are examined for meeting heating demand. Different dispatch strategies, namely Load Following (LF) and Cyclic Charging (CC), are studied and compared while sizing the hardware components of the hybrid system. The system performance is also examined under different thermal to electric load ratio. In addition, a comparative analysis between stand-alone and grid-connected option and the effects of different uncertainties are reported. Results indicate that appreciable benefits in cost (NPC due to size reduction of system hardware components), emissions (reduction in CO2 emissions up to around 40 %), and renewable penetrations (increase in system renewable energy fraction up to 33 %) can be achieved from the optimised hybrid system. The CC strategy offers cost and environmental benefits for all the studied configurations.

中文翻译：

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使用多余的能量和余热的电力和热负荷的独立混合系统的最佳尺寸

摘要 本文考察了混合系统不同配置同时满足离网社区电力和热负荷需求的能力。研究的配置包括太阳能光伏、风力涡轮机、微型燃气轮机 (MGT) 和锂离子电池。该模型使用多种电力可再生能源的混合优化 (HOMER) 软件考虑了多余能源的利用、回收的废热和不同的电源管理策略。检查有和没有废热回收选项以及热负荷控制器以满足加热需求。在确定混合系统硬件组件的大小时，研究并比较了不同的调度策略，即负载跟踪 (LF) 和循环充电 (CC)。系统性能也在不同的热电负载比下进行了检查。此外，还报告了单机和并网选项之间的比较分析以及不同不确定性的影响。结果表明，可以在成本（NPC 由于系统硬件组件的尺寸减小）、排放（二氧化碳排放量减少高达 40% 左右）和可再生能源渗透（系统可再生能源比例增加高达 33%）方面实现可观的收益来自优化的混合动力系统。CC 策略为所有研究的配置提供了成本和环境效益。结果表明，可以在成本（NPC 由于系统硬件组件的尺寸减小）、排放（二氧化碳排放量减少高达 40% 左右）和可再生能源渗透（系统可再生能源比例增加高达 33%）方面实现可观的收益来自优化的混合动力系统。CC 策略为所有研究的配置提供了成本和环境效益。结果表明，可以在成本（NPC 由于系统硬件组件的尺寸减小）、排放（二氧化碳排放量减少高达 40% 左右）和可再生能源渗透（系统可再生能源比例增加高达 33%）方面实现可观的收益来自优化的混合动力系统。CC 策略为所有研究的配置提供了成本和环境效益。