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Impact of embryo technologies on secondary sex ratio in rabbit
Cryobiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.008
Ximo Garcia-Dominguez , Jorge D. Juarez , José S. Vicente , Francisco Marco-Jiménez

Increasing evidence indicates that assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) disturb skewed sex-ratio and induce sex-dimorphic postnatal effects. Undoubtedly, the combination of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) together with the use of vitrification technique (MOVET) is currently being used in breeding programs. However, since the first case of sex skewing reported in 1991, the accumulative and long-term transmission of skewed sex-ratio to future generations has not been thoroughly evaluated. Here we test as MOVET program induce a skewed sex ratio, and we consider skewed sex ratio transmission to future generations. To this end, we first evaluated the F1 generation, demonstrating that a MOVET program causes a severe imbalance skewed secondary sex ratio (SSR) towards male by 12%. This imbalanced persist after a second MOVET program (F2 generation), with an accumulative skewed SSR towards male by 25%. Finally, using a crossbred generation derived from crossing F1 males derived from a MOVET program with naturally-conceived (NC) females, we show that the imbalance skewed SRR persist. Bodyweight comparison between MOVET animals and NC counterparts revealed significant changes at birth, weaning and adulthood. However, there was a significant interaction between F2 MOVET animals and sex, demonstrating an apparent accumulative sex-dimorphic effect. At adulthood, MOVET derived males presented a lower body weight. In conclusion, we show that the MOVET program causes a direct, accumulative and long-term transmission of skewed SSR.

中文翻译:

胚胎技术对家兔次生性别比的影响

越来越多的证据表明,辅助生殖技术 (ARTs) 会扰乱扭曲的性别比例并诱发性别二态的产后效应。毫无疑问,目前在育种计划中正在使用多次排卵和胚胎移植 (MOET) 以及使用玻璃化技术 (MOVET) 的组合。然而,自从 1991 年报道了第一例性别偏斜案例以来,偏斜的性别比例对后代的累积和长期传播尚未得到彻底评估。在这里,我们测试 MOVET 程序会导致性别比例偏斜,我们考虑偏斜的性别比例传递给后代。为此,我们首先评估了 F1 代,证明 MOVET 程序导致严重的不平衡,使第二性别比 (SSR) 向男性倾斜 12%。在第二个 MOVET 程序(F2 代)之后,这种不平衡仍然存在,SSR 向男性的累积偏差为 25%。最后,使用源自 MOVET 计划的 F1 雄性与自然受孕 (NC) 雌性杂交的杂交一代,我们表明不平衡偏斜的 SRR 持续存在。MOVET 动物和 NC 动物之间的体重比较揭示了出生、断奶和成年期的显着变化。然而,F2 MOVET 动物与性别之间存在显着的相互作用,表现出明显的累积性别二态效应。成年后,MOVET 衍生的雄性体重较轻。总之,我们表明 MOVET 程序会导致倾斜 SSR 的直接、累积和长期传输。使用源自 MOVET 计划的 F1 雄性与自然受孕 (NC) 雌性杂交的杂交一代,我们表明不平衡偏斜的 SRR 持续存在。MOVET 动物和 NC 动物之间的体重比较揭示了出生、断奶和成年期的显着变化。然而,F2 MOVET 动物与性别之间存在显着的相互作用,表现出明显的累积性别二态效应。成年后,MOVET 衍生的雄性体重较轻。总之,我们表明 MOVET 程序导致了倾斜 SSR 的直接、累积和长期传输。使用衍生自 MOVET 计划的 F1 雄性与自然受孕 (NC) 雌性杂交的杂交一代,我们表明不平衡偏斜的 SRR 持续存在。MOVET 动物和 NC 对应动物之间的体重比较揭示了出生、断奶和成年期的显着变化。然而,F2 MOVET 动物与性别之间存在显着的相互作用,表现出明显的累积性别二态效应。成年后,MOVET 衍生的雄性体重较轻。总之,我们表明 MOVET 程序会导致倾斜 SSR 的直接、累积和长期传输。MOVET 动物和 NC 动物之间的体重比较揭示了出生、断奶和成年期的显着变化。然而,F2 MOVET 动物与性别之间存在显着的相互作用,表现出明显的累积性别二态效应。成年后,MOVET 衍生的雄性体重较轻。总之,我们表明 MOVET 程序会导致倾斜 SSR 的直接、累积和长期传输。MOVET 动物和 NC 动物之间的体重比较揭示了出生、断奶和成年期的显着变化。然而,F2 MOVET 动物与性别之间存在显着的相互作用,表现出明显的累积性别二态效应。成年后,MOVET 衍生的雄性表现出较低的体重。总之,我们表明 MOVET 程序会导致倾斜 SSR 的直接、累积和长期传输。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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