Although electrically conductive polymer composites (ECPCs) are promising in the application of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, how to endow the ECPCs multifunctionality is still a huge challenge. In this work, the novel polyurethane@polydopamine@silver nanoparticles (PU@PDA@Ag) sponges with excellent compressibility, flexible motion sensing, outstanding thermal insulation and superior EMI shielding properties were successfully fabricated by a facile bio-response method, which could be obtained by following two steps: (i) PDA was decorated on the surface of PU sponges by dopamine self-polymerization. (ii) Ag nanoparticles were in-situ grown on the surface of PU sponges by electroless plating. PU@PDA@Ag sponge had the maximum EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 84 dB, and the corresponding specific SE and absolute SE were 2625 dB cm³ g⁻¹ and 5250 dB cm² g⁻¹, much higher than those of other shielding foams/sponges. Meanwhile, PU@PDA@Ag sponge possessed low thermal conductivity (52.72 mW/mK), excellent compression resilience and piezoresistive properties.

尽管导电聚合物复合材料（ECPC）在电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽的应用方面很有前途，但是如何赋予ECPC多功能性仍然是巨大的挑战。在这项工作中，新型的聚氨酯@聚多巴胺@银纳米颗粒（PU @ PDA @ Ag）海绵具有出色的可压缩性，柔性的运动感应，出色的隔热性和优异的EMI屏蔽性能，可以通过一种简便的生物响应方法成功制备，这可能是可行的。通过以下两个步骤获得：（i）通过多巴胺自聚合将PDA装饰在PU海绵的表面上。（ii）原位银纳米粒子通过化学镀在聚氨酯海绵的表面上生长。PU @ PDA @ Ag海绵的最大EMI屏蔽效能（SE）为84 dB，相应的特定SE和绝对SE分别为2625 dB cm ³ g ^-1和5250 dB cm ² g ^-1，远高于其他屏蔽泡沫/海绵。同时，PU @ PDA @ Ag海绵具有较低的导热系数（52.72 mW / mK），优异的压缩回弹性和压阻特性。