The ground states of a harmonically trapped spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with SU(3) spin-orbit coupling (SOC) affected by the external rotation are investigated. The two-dimensional density, phase and magnetization distributions of the ground states under different parameter conditions are calculated numerically. It is found that a new kind of ground-states with clover-type structure in the density distribution of the condensate is induced by the external rotation. The vortex with one or several cores appears in the three parts of the structure once the angular frequency of the rotation is increased and passed over a critical value. The distribution of the vortex cores is also divided into three groups since all the holes in the density distribution are inlaid into the three parts. The total number of the holes is increased with the angular frequency of the rotation, the strengths of the SOC and the atomic density-density interaction. Together with the density distribution, the phase and magnetization distributions demonstrate the nontrivial topological characteristics of the states. Furthermore, when the rotation is closed abruptly, the states with vortex cores will rotate periodically in the coordinate space very long time without obvious decay.

研究了受外旋影响的带有SU（3）自旋-轨道耦合（SOC）的谐波自旋1 Bose-Einstein凝聚物（BEC）的基态。数值计算了不同参数条件下基态的二维密度，相位和磁化强度分布。研究发现，凝结水密度分布中一种具有三叶草型结构的新型基态是由外旋引起的。一旦旋转的角频率增加并超过临界值，就会在结构的三个部分中出现具有一个或几个核心的涡旋。涡流核的分布也分为三组，因为密度分布中的所有孔都镶嵌在三个部分中。孔的总数随着旋转的角频率，SOC的强度和原子密度-密度相互作用而增加。连同密度分布，相和磁化分布一起证明了状态的非平凡拓扑特征。此外，当旋转突然关闭时，具有涡旋核的状态将在很长一段时间内在坐标空间中周期性旋转，而没有明显的衰减。