OBJECTIVES Physical fitness is a modifiable factor associated with enhanced brain health during childhood. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine: (i) whether physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory, motor and muscular fitness) are associated with resting state functional connectivity of hippocampal seeds to different cortical regions in children with overweight/obesity, and (ii) whether resting state hippocampal functional connectivity is coupled with better academic performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 99 children with overweight/obesity aged 8-11 years were recruited from Granada, Spain (November 2014 to February 2016). The physical fitness components were assessed following the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery. T1-weighted and resting-state fMRI images were acquired with a 3.0 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio system. Academic performance was assessed by the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test. Hippocampal seed-based procedures with post-hoc regression analyses were performed. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models, cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with greater hippocampal connectivity between anterior hippocampus and frontal regions (β ranging from 0.423 to 0.424, p< 0.001). Motor fitness was independently associated with diminished hippocampal connectivity between posterior hippocampus and frontal regions (β ranging from -0.583 to -0.694, p< 0.001). However, muscular fitness was not independently associated with hippocampal functional connectivity. Positive resting state hippocampal functional connectivity was related to better written expression (β ranging from 0.209 to 0.245; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical fitness components may associate with functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions and frontal regions, independent of hippocampal volume, in children with overweight/obesity. Particularly, cardiorespiratory fitness may enhance anterior hippocampal functional connectivity and motor fitness may diminish posterior hippocampal functional connectivity. In addition, resting state hippocampal functional connectivity may relate to better written expression.

中文翻译：

---

超重/肥胖儿童的身体健康、海马功能连接和学业成绩：ActiveBrains 项目

目标 身体健康是与增强儿童时期大脑健康相关的可变因素。据我们所知，本研究是第一个检查：（i）身体健康成分（即心肺、运动和肌肉健康）是否与超重/肥胖儿童海马种子与不同皮质区域的静息状态功能连接有关，以及（ii）静息状态海马功能连接是否与更好的学习成绩相结合。患者和方法 在这项横断面研究中，从西班牙格拉纳达（2014 年 11 月至 2016 年 2 月）共招募了 99 名 8-11 岁的超重/肥胖儿童。根据 ALPHA 健康相关的体能测试电池评估体能成分。T1 加权和静息状态 fMRI 图像是使用 3.0 特斯拉 Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio 系统获取的。学业成绩由 Woodcock-Muñoz 标准化测试评估。进行了基于海马种子的程序和事后回归分析。结果在完全调整的模型中，心肺健康与前海马和额叶区域之间更大的海马连接独立相关（β 范围从 0.423 到 0.424，p < 0.001）。运动健康与海马后部和额叶区域之间的海马连接减弱独立相关（β 范围从 -0.583 到 -0.694，p < 0.001）。然而，肌肉健康并非与海马功能连接独立相关。静息状态海马功能连接阳性与更好的书写表达有关（β 范围从 0.209 到 0.245；p < 0.05）。结论 超重/肥胖儿童的身体健康成分可能与海马亚区和额叶区之间的功能连接有关，与海马体积无关。特别是，心肺健康可能会增强前海马功能连接，而运动健康可能会减少后海马功能连接。此外，静息状态海马功能连接可能与更好的书面表达有关。在超重/肥胖儿童中。特别是，心肺健康可能会增强前海马功能连接，而运动健康可能会减少后海马功能连接。此外，静息状态海马功能连接可能与更好的书面表达有关。在超重/肥胖儿童中。特别是，心肺健康可能会增强前海马功能连接，而运动健康可能会减少后海马功能连接。此外，静息状态海马功能连接可能与更好的书面表达有关。