A large body of research has demonstrated that human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a universally expressed fatty acid Δ9-desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is a central regulator of metabolic and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Unlike SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a second SCD isoform found in a variety of vertebrates, including humans, has received considerably less attention but new information on the catalytic properties, regulation and biological functions of this enzyme has begun to emerge. This review will examine the new evidence that supports key metabolic and biological roles for SCD5, as well as the potential implication of this desaturase in the mechanisms of human diseases.

大量研究表明，人类硬脂酰辅酶 A 去饱和酶 1 (SCD1) 是一种普遍表达的脂肪酸 Δ9-去饱和酶，可将饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) 转化为单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA)，是代谢和信号传导的中心调节剂参与细胞增殖、分化和存活的途径。与 SCD1 不同，硬脂酰辅酶 A 去饱和酶 5 (SCD5) 是一种在包括人类在内的各种脊椎动物中发现的第二种 SCD 异构体，但受到的关注要少得多，但有关这种酶的催化特性、调节和生物学功能的新信息已经开始出现. 本综述将检查支持 SCD5 关键代谢和生物学作用的新证据，以及这种去饱和酶在人类疾病机制中的潜在意义。