Sperm, which are believed to be transcriptionally and translationally inactive, synthesize RNA and proteins before there is gradual disappearance of the ribosome during chromatin compaction. Sperm transfer several functionally relevant transcripts to the oocyte, controlling maternal-zygotic transition and embryonic development. The present study was undertaken to profile and analyze sperm transcripts comprehensively using Next Generation Ribonucleic acid sequencing technology in Holstein Friesian x Tharparkar crossbred bulls. The results from global transcriptomic profiling revealed transcripts for 13,814 genes; of which 431 transcripts were expressed with >1 FPKM and 13,383 transcripts were expressed with >0 or <1 FPKM. The abundant mRNA transcripts of crossbred bull sperm were PRM1 and HMGB4. Gene ontology of transcripts with>1 FPKM revealed there was a major involvement in the structural constituent of ribosomes and translation. Results from pathway enrichment indicated the connection between ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and spliceosome pathways and the transcripts of crossbred bull spermatozoa. The transcriptional abundance of selected genes, validated using RT-qPCR, indicated significant variations between bulls. Collectively, it may be inferred that the transcripts in crossbred bull sperm were heavily implicated in functions such as the structural constituent of ribosomes and translation, and pathways such as ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and spliceosome. Further studies using larger sample sizes are required to understand the possible implications of transcriptomic variations on semen quality and fertility.

精子被认为在转录和翻译上均无活性，在染色质压实过程中核糖体逐渐消失之前合成 RNA 和蛋白质。精子将几个功能相关的转录本转移到卵母细胞，控制母体-合子过渡和胚胎发育。本研究使用下一代核糖核酸测序技术在荷斯坦弗里斯兰 x Tharparkar 杂交公牛中全面剖析和分析精子转录本。全球转录组分析的结果揭示了 13,814 个基因的转录本；其中 431 个转录本以 >1 FPKM 表达，13,383 个转录本以 >0 或 <1 FPKM 表达。杂交公牛精子丰富的mRNA转录本为PRM1和HMGB4. 具有> 1 FPKM 的转录本的基因本体揭示了核糖体的结构成分和翻译的主要参与。通路富集的结果表明核糖体、氧化磷酸化和剪接体通路与杂交公牛精子转录物之间存在联系。使用 RT-qPCR 验证的选定基因的转录丰度表明公牛之间存在显着差异。总的来说，可以推断杂交公牛精子中的转录本与核糖体的结构成分和翻译等功能以及核糖体、氧化磷酸化和剪接体等途径密切相关。需要使用更大样本量的进一步研究来了解转录组变异对精液质量和生育能力的可能影响。