Decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) has been implicated in the neurophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether volumetric reduction in the subregions of the STG can predict treatment efficacy for schizophrenia. Our cohort included 44 drug-naive, first-episode patients, 42 unaffected siblings and 44 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry and pattern classification were utilized to analyze the acquired imaging data as per the anatomical subdivision by a well-defined brainnetome atlas. The patients presented lower GMV values in left TE1.0/1.2 (TE, anterior temporal visual association area) than the siblings, and lower GMV values in the left/right TE1.0/1.2 and left A22r (rostral area 22) than the controls. A positive correlation is observed between the GMV values in the right A38l (lateral area 38) and baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores in the patients. Support vector regression (SVR) results exhibited a significant association between predicted (based on the GMV values in the right A38l) and actual symptomatic improvement based on the reduction ratio of the PANSS total scores (r = 0.498, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that normal structure in the right A38l of the STG may be an important factor indicative of the effects of antipsychotic drugs, which can be potentially used to monitor drug effects for first-episode patients at an early stage in clinical practice.

颞上回 (STG) 中灰质体积 (GMV) 的减少与精神分裂症的神经生理学有关。然而，目前尚不清楚 STG 子区域的体积减少是否可以预测精神分裂症的治疗效果。我们的队列包括 44 名初次用药患者、42 名未受影响的兄弟姐妹和 44 名健康对照者。基于体素的形态测量学和模式分类被用于根据定义明确的脑网组图谱的解剖细分来分析获得的成像数据。患者左侧 TE1.0/1.2（TE，前颞部视觉关联区）的 GMV 值低于兄弟姐妹，左侧/右侧 TE1.0/1.2 和左侧 A22r（嘴侧区域 22）的 GMV 值低于兄弟姐妹控件。在患者的右侧 A38l（外侧区域 38）中的 GMV 值与基线阳性和阴性综合征量表 (PANSS) 总分之间观察到正相关。支持向量回归 (SVR) 结果显示预测（基于右侧 A38l 中的 GMV 值）与基于 PANSS 总分减少率的实际症状改善之间存在显着关联（r  = 0.498，p  = 0.001）。我们的结果表明 STG 右侧 A38l 的正常结构可能是指示抗精神病药物作用的重要因素，可潜在地用于在临床实践的早期阶段监测首发患者的药物作用。