Abstract

The parameters of functional diversity are studied on the example of plant height for four alpine communities (alpine lichen heaths, Festuca varia grasslands Hedysarum-Geranium meadows, and alpine snowbed communities) in Teberda Reserve of the northwestern Caucasus. The work tests the hypothesis that, when plants that use different volumes of air, a low volume of the environment is used more evenly than a high volume. It was assumed that the divergence in plant height is more pronounced in meadow communities, where the competitive relationship is stronger and the level of production is higher. For the four main types of phytocenoses (alpine heaths, Festuca varia grasslands Hedysarum-Geranium meadows, alpine snowbeds), data were obtained on the average height of the plant species forming them, the biomass of individual species, and the weighted average plant height in the communities. The indices of functional richness, evenness, and divergence were calculated based on these data. It is shown that taking into account the abundance of species in the community significantly affects the values of average height and indices of functional diversity. Contrary the a priori hypothesis, it was found that the value of evenness is significantly lower at a low air volume occupied by the community (alpine snowbeds) than for a high volume (Festuca varia grasslands). The functional divergence in alpine snowbed communities with low productivity is higher than that in the more productive meadow phytocenoses, e.g. Festuca varia grasslands. The aboveground production positively correlated with functional richness in the aggregate analysis of all data, but this correlation is not detected within communities. Functional evenness is not related to community production. An unimodal relationship between the index of functional-divergence and aboveground biomass was shown only for the Festuca varia grasslands (the maximal divergence is observed on plots with average biomass).

中文翻译：

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高山植物群落的功能多样性：以植物高度为例

摘要

以西北高加索地区特伯达保护区的四个高山群落（高山地衣荒地，Festuca varia草地，Hedysarum-Geranium草甸和高山雪床群落）的植物高度为例，研究了功能多样性的参数。这项工作检验了以下假设：当使用不同体积的空气的植物时，使用少量的环境比使用大量的空气更均匀。据推测，在草甸群落中，植物高度的差异更为明显，因为草甸群落之间的竞争关系更强，生产水平更高。对于四种主要的植物素酶（高山荒地，Festuca varia草原，Hedysarum-Geranium）草甸，高山雪床），获得有关形成它们的植物物种的平均高度，各个物种的生物量以及社区中加权平均植物高度的数据。基于这些数据计算功能丰富度，均匀性和差异性的指标。结果表明，考虑到社区中物种的丰富度，会显着影响平均高度值和功能多样性指数。与先验假设相反，人们发现，在社区占据的低风量（高山雪床）下，均匀度的值明显低于高风量（Festuca varia草原）。生产力低下的高山雪床社区的功能差异高于生产力更高的草甸植物群落的功能差异，例如羊茅草草原。在所有数据的汇总分析中，地上生产与功能丰富度呈正相关，但在社区内未检测到这种相关性。功能均匀性与社区生产无关。仅在Festuca varia草地上显示了功能差异指数与地上生物量之间的单峰关系（在具有平均生物量的样地上观察到最大差异）。