The use of irrigation water extracted from aquifers with submerged pumps is essential to ensure agricultural production mainly in water-scarce regions.. However, the use of the water source requires of a considerable energy consumption by water user associations (WUAs) being key factor to consider due to their high share of total management, operation, and maintenance costs. In this work, a new tool (MOPWE, model to optimize water extraction) to optimize the water and energy use of wells in WUAs was developed. MOPWE was applied to a real WUA located in Castilla-La Mancha region (southeast of Spain). This WUA utilizes groundwater as water source that is extracted from several different wells of different characteristics (discharges, water table levels, efficiency, variable speed drives…).. Therefore, these kind of WUAs must decide not only which well to activate at a certain time but also at what frequency the variable-speed drive should run the pump. With the aim of aiding decision-making in groundwater abstraction, a new management model (MOPWE), which is based on multi-objective genetic algorithms and is implemented in MATLAB®. This model helps determine the optimal daily management of a WUA with multiple underground supply sources and focuses on the management of wells while considering the water reservoir level. After 18,000 generations of the genetic algorithm, the pareto front was obtained with the best WUA managements achieving a water and energy savings of 25% and 54%, respectively. At the end of the irrigation season, the optimal total energy consumption per unit of water applied was 38% lower than that achieved by the current management. Results showed that a more realistic approach can be implemented when several water supplies operate jointly under a collaborative principle.

使用潜水泵从含水层提取的灌溉水对于确保主要在缺水地区的农业生产至关重要。但是，使用水源需要用水户协会（WUA）大量消耗能源，这是影响用水量的关键因素。考虑到它们在总管理，运营和维护成本中所占的比例很高。在这项工作中，开发了一种用于优化用水户协会中井的水和能源使用的新工具（MOPWE，用于优化水提取的模型）。MOPWE被应用于位于卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰地区（西班牙东南部）的真实用水户协会。该用水户协会利用地下水作为水源，水是从具有不同特征（流量，地下水位，效率，变速驱动器……）的几口不同井中提取的。这类WUA不仅必须决定在特定时间激活哪口井，还必须决定变速驱动器应以什么频率运行泵。为了帮助进行地下水提取的决策，建立了一种新的管理模型（MOPWE），该模型基于多目标遗传算法，并在MATLAB®中实现。该模型有助于确定具有多个地下供水源的WUA的最佳日常管理，并在考虑水库水位的同时侧重于井的管理。经过18,000代的遗传算法，最佳的用水户协会管理获得了pareto前沿，节水和节能分别达到25％和54％。在灌溉季节结束时 与目前的管理相比，每单位用水的最佳总能源消耗降低了38％。结果表明，当多个供水以协作原则共同运行时，可以采用更现实的方法。