The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by-products, such as seeds, is a rich source of phytochemicals with a high antioxidant activity, thus possessing health benefits. For the identification and quantification of the pomegranate seeds chemical compounds, particular attention has been drawn to the latest developments in the HPLC coupling with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS detection. In fact, a wide range of phytochemicals including phenolic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and other polyphenols were characterized. Furthermore, an exhaustive review of the scientific literature on pomegranate seeds on biomedicine and pharmacotherapy was carried out. Indeed, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated how pomegranate seeds possess antioxidant, anti- cardiovascular diseases, anti-osteoporosis, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The present review describes a recent tendency in research focusing on the chemical and biomedical features of the pomegranate seeds to value them as natural additives or active compounds for first-order diseases.

中文翻译：

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石榴 (Punica granatum) 种子的生物活性化合物和药理学潜力 - 综述

最近增加了补充医学的使用，以试图找到减少药物副作用的有效替代疗法。石榴 (Punica granatum L.) 副产品，如种子，是具有高抗氧化活性的植物化学物质的丰富来源，因此具有健康益处。对于石榴籽化合物的鉴定和定量，人们特别关注 HPLC 与电喷雾电离 (ESI) MS/MS 检测耦合的最新发展。事实上，对包括酚酸、花青素、黄酮类化合物、可水解单宁和其他多酚在内的多种植物化学物质进行了表征。此外，还对有关石榴籽在生物医学和药物治疗方面的科学文献进行了详尽的审查。确实，体外和体内研究都证明了石榴籽如何具有抗氧化、抗心血管疾病、抗骨质疏松、抗糖尿病、抗炎和抗癌活性。本综述描述了最近的研究趋势，重点关注石榴种子的化学和生物医学特征，将其视为一级疾病的天然添加剂或活性化合物。