Substance abuse places a great burden on associated families, communities, and the health care sector. Drug addiction leads to physical traumas, psychiatric disorders, and other neuronal disorders; it causes millions of deaths per year. The rehabilitation in the respective cases includes complex therapeutic treatments along with other measures for recovery. Substance abuse brings about neurochemical imbalances in the brain and develops mainly due to disorders in the dopamine, serotonin, cannabinoid, opioid, glutamate, and GABA receptor systems. Cholinergic neurons are in abundance among all other types of neurons in the brain. During recent time, cross-talks and co-existence of more than one receptor have attracted attention from the scientific community. In addition, a growing preclinical literature reveals a critical role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the experience and progression of the drug use. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an enzyme structurally homologous to acetylcholinesterase (AChE), also targets acetylcholine (ACh) and has been implicated in the metabolism of cocaine, heroin, succinylcholine esters, and many other drugs. In addition, the activity of the above enzymes has been associated with neuronal disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease and other psychiatric conditions, in particular depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, etc., and is also involved in some metabolic diseases. The multifaceted neuronal and non-neuronal aspects demand a review of the role of BChE in substance abuse, which has practically not been addressed in the literature, except cocaine addiction. This overview emphasizes and integrates the putative role of BChE in substance abuse. The research gap and future trend of research in addiction therapy will be highlighted.

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药物滥用中的丁酰胆碱酯酶：概述

药物滥用给相关家庭、社区和医疗保健部门带来了沉重的负担。毒瘾导致身体创伤、精神障碍和其他神经元障碍；它每年导致数百万人死亡。各个病例的康复包括复杂的治疗以及其他恢复措施。物质滥用会导致大脑中的神经化学失衡，主要是由于多巴胺、血清素、大麻素、阿片类药物、谷氨酸盐和 GABA 受体系统的紊乱。胆碱能神经元在大脑中所有其他类型的神经元中都非常丰富。近来，不止一种受体的串扰和共存引起了科学界的关注。此外，越来越多的临床前文献揭示了乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 在药物使用的经验和进展中的关键作用。丁酰胆碱酯酶 (BChE) 是一种在结构上与乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE) 同源的酶，它也靶向乙酰胆碱 (ACh)，并与可卡因、海洛因、琥珀酰胆碱酯和许多其他药物的代谢有关。此外，上述酶的活性与神经元疾病有关，如阿尔茨海默病和其他精神疾病，特别是抑郁症、注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）、精神分裂症等，也与一些代谢疾病有关. 多方面的神经元和非神经元方面需要回顾 BChE 在药物滥用中的作用，除了可卡因成瘾外，文献中几乎没有提到这一点。本概述强调并整合了 BChE 在药物滥用中的假定作用。将突出成瘾治疗研究的研究空白和未来趋势。