Purpose

Pharmaceuticals are becoming one of the largest environmental concerns when it comes to the water treatment industry. Increased usage of these chemicals poses a serious risk to ecology and human health due to their leakage into surface waters. In the present study, carbide derived carbon (CDC) was used for the first time as a new adsorbent to remove ibuprofen from synthetic water and wastewater effluent.

Methods

The morphology, chemical composition, surface area and surface charge of the CDC particles were investigated using the transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET analysis and zeta potential measurements. The effects of CDC dosage, temperature, initial pH and agitation speed on the adsorption process were examined by using batch adsorption experiments. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherms were investigated.

Results

Adsorption and kinetic equilibrium data demonstrate that the adsorption of ibuprofen onto the CDC obeys the Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetics follow the pseudo-2nd order mechanism. The thermodynamic results reveal that ibuprofen adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The ibuprofen removal by CDC was mainly controlled by the electrostatic forces at high pH of the feed solution and by the dispersive interactions in acidic media. The ibuprofen removal is promoted at high temperature, high agitation speed and low pH. The highest adsorption capacity of ibuprofen onto the CDC was 367 mg/g at pH 3. Furthermore, the CDC efficiently removed ibuprofen from spiked treated sewage effluent.

Conclusions

The obtained data indicate that the CDC provides a fast and efficient adsorptive removal of ibuprofen both from a model aqueous solution and treated sewage effluent.

中文翻译：

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碳化物衍生碳 (CDC) 作为新型吸附剂，用于从合成水和处理后的污水中去除布洛芬

 目的

就水处理行业而言，药品正在成为最大的环境问题之一。由于这些化学品泄漏到地表水中，这些化学品的使用增加对生态和人类健康构成了严重风险。在本研究中，首次使用碳化物衍生碳（CDC）作为新型吸附剂来去除合成水和废水中的布洛芬。

 方法

使用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、BET 分析和 zeta 电位测量研究了 CDC 颗粒的形貌、化学成分、表面积和表面电荷。通过间歇吸附实验考察了CDC用量、温度、初始pH值和搅拌速度对吸附过程的影响。此外，还研究了吸附动力学、热力学和等温线。

 结果

吸附和动力学平衡数据表明，布洛芬在 CDC 上的吸附遵循 Langmuir 等温线模型，动力学遵循伪二阶机制。热力学结果表明布洛芬吸附是吸热且自发的。 CDC 去除布洛芬主要受进料溶液高 pH 条件下的静电力和酸性介质中的分散相互作用控制。高温、高搅拌速度和低pH值促进布洛芬的去除。 pH 3 时，CDC 上布洛芬的最高吸附容量为 367 mg/g。此外，CDC 还可以从加标处理的污水中有效去除布洛芬。

 结论

获得的数据表明，CDC 可以从模型水溶液和处理后的污水中快速有效地吸附去除布洛芬。