Across teleost fishes, a wide range of parental care strategies have been observed. However, despite this large variation in parental care behaviors, postnatal nutritional provisioning has rarely been documented in fishes. In other taxa, anecdotal evidence suggests that nutritional provisioning of offspring via mucus secretion by parents may occur, although this phenomenon has received little attention from evolutionary biologists, especially in fishes. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the intra- and interspecific differences, functions, and the costs and benefits of provisioning behaviors that have potentially evolved independently in different teleost clades. Furthermore, we review and discuss within an ecological and evolutionary context, the anecdotal reports and limited available empirical evidence that shows support for mucus provisioning in teleost fishes.

中文翻译：

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硬骨鱼的粘液供应行为：脊椎动物分泌供应进化的新模型系统

在硬骨鱼类中，观察到了广泛的亲本护理策略。然而，尽管父母的照顾行为存在很大差异，但很少有鱼类记录产后营养供应。在其他分类群中，轶事证据表明可能会发生通过父母分泌粘液为后代提供营养的情况，尽管这种现象很少受到进化生物学家的关注，尤其是在鱼类中。为了解决这一知识差距，我们调查了在不同硬骨鱼进化枝中可能独立进化的供应行为的种内和种间差异、功能以及成本和收益。此外，我们在生态和进化的背景下审查和讨论，