Purpose of Review

The increased popularity and commercial use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) calls for the development of models for NTFPs to include their predicted yields in forest management planning and to evaluate the potential of multi-functional forest management. This study assesses and discusses the current state of the art and trends in NTFP yield modelling in Europe and the integration of the models in multi-functional forest management planning at different spatial scales.

Recent Findings

Climate-sensitive empirical yield models already exist not only for a variety of NTFPs that are economically important to forest owners (e.g. cork and pine nuts) but also for wild-gathered berries and mushrooms, the harvesting of which cannot be controlled by the forest landowner in all European countries. Several studies on multi-functional forest management planning consider the economic profitability of the joint production of timber and NTFP. Harvesting NTFPs can create significant additional incomes for forest owners, compared with timber production only. However, maximizing the economic returns from the joint production of timber and NTFPs often calls for changes in forest management practices.

Summary

Continued efforts in modelling and predicting the yields of NTFPs have enabled forest managers to further expand the analyses of multi-functional forest planning and management in Europe. Climate-sensitive models also allow analyses on the potential effects of climate change on NTFP yields. New models and forest management practices are still needed for tree fruits, birch sap, a wider variety of wild edible mushrooms, specialty mushrooms cultivated on live trees as well as medicinal and edible forest herbs harvested for commercial value in Europe.

中文翻译：

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为欧洲森林管理规划建模非木材林产品

审查目的

非木材林产品（NTFP）的日益普及和商业使用要求开发NTFP模型，以便将其预测产量纳入森林管理规划并评估多功能森林管理的潜力。这项研究评估和讨论了欧洲NTFP产量建模的最新技术和趋势，以及该模型在不同空间尺度上的多功能森林管理规划中的集成。

最近的发现

气候敏感的经验产量模型不仅已经存在于对森林所有者具有重要经济意义的各种非木材林产品中（例如，软木和松子），而且还存在于野生采集的浆果和蘑菇中，森林的所有者无法控制其收获在所有欧洲国家中。关于多功能森林管理规划的几项研究考虑了木材和NTFP联合生产的经济收益。与仅木材生产相比，采伐非木材林产品可以为森林所有者创造可观的额外收入。但是，要使木材和非木材林产品的联合生产获得最大的经济回报，通常就需要改变森林经营方式。

概要

对NTFP产量进行建模和预测的持续努力使森林管理者能够进一步扩展欧洲多功能森林规划和管理的分析。对气候敏感的模型还可以分析气候变化对NTFP产量的潜在影响。仍然需要树果，桦树汁，各种野生食用菌，在活树上种植的特种蘑菇以及在欧洲收获具有商业价值的药用和食用森林药草的新模式和森林管理方法。