Activated carbon from banana stalk, an eco-friendly agricultural waste, was prepared and investigated for its absorptive potentials in removing ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic from aqueous media. Orthophosphoric acid was used to modify the agricultural waste. The textural characteristics and adsorptive properties of the activated banana stalk (BSAC) were investigated using SEM, FTIR, Boehm titration (BT), and pH_pzc analytical techniques respectively. Image from the SEM of BSAC showed well-developed pores, supporting the trapping of CIP molecules to the surface, while the FTIR revealed notable bands associated with specific functional groups responsible for enhanced and efficient uptake of CIP. The Boehm titration revealed the total acidic group to be 0.699 mmol/g and the basic group to be 0.1582 mmol/g, suggesting the predominance of acidic groups, and this was supported by the pH_pzc value of 4.5. The most favorable interaction between the BSAC surface and the CIP molecules were in the in zwitterionic form of the CIP. The adsorptive uptake in this study was optimum at pH 8. Experimental data were studied using five different models of adsorption isotherm, namely, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, D-R, and Sips. The Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9824) best described the experimental data with an optimum monolayer capacity for adsorption of 49.7 mg/g at 323 K. The D-R isotherm showed that the mean free energy ranged from 1.29 to 3.54 kJ/mol, suggesting that the mechanism of adsorption for the uptake was physisorption in nature. The adsorption process was best explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R² values between 0.9103 and 0.9995. Thermodynamic results obtained proved that the sorption of CIP antibiotics onto BSAC was endothermic, spontaneous, and thermodynamically favored (ΔH = + 106.561 kJ/mol, ΔS = + 0.44797 kJ/mol, and ΔG = − 36.265 kJ/mol). BSAC prepared in this study is about six times cheaper than the commercially available activated carbon indicating the cost-effectiveness of this work. This study, therefore, establishes that the modification of banana stalk waste into activated carbon is efficient for the adsorptive uptake of ciprofloxacin antibiotics from aqueous media.

制备了香蕉秸秆（一种生态友好型农业废料）中的活性炭，并研究了其从水性介质中去除环丙沙星（CIP）的吸收潜力。正磷酸用于改性农业废弃物。使用SEM，FTIR，Boehm滴定法（BT）和pH _pzc研究了活性香蕉茎（BSAC）的质地特征和吸附性能。分析技术。BSAC SEM的图像显示出发达的孔，支持CIP分子捕获到表面，而FTIR显示出与特定官能团相关的显着条带，这些特定官能团负责CIP的吸收和有效吸收。Boehm滴定法显示总酸性基团为0.699 mmol / g，碱性基团为0.1582 mmol / g，表明酸性基团占优势，这由pH _pzc支持。值4.5。BSAC表面和CIP分子之间最有利的相互作用是CIP的两性离子形式。在这项研究中，吸附的吸收在pH为8时是最佳的。使用五个不同的吸附等温线模型（Langmuir，Freundlich，Temkin，DR和Sips）研究了实验数据。Langmuir等温线（R ²  = 0.9824）最能描述实验数据，在323 K下的最佳单层吸附能力为49.7 mg /g。DR等温线显示平均自由能在1.29至3.54 kJ / mol范围内，表明吸收的吸收机理本质上是物理吸收。吸附过程最好用R ²的拟二级动力学模型来解释。值介于0.9103和0.9995之间。获得的热力学结果证明，CIP抗生素在BSAC上的吸附是吸热的，自发的，并且在热力学上是有利的（ΔH  = + 106.561 kJ / mol，ΔS  = + 0.44797 kJ / mol，ΔG  = − 36.265 kJ / mol）。在这项研究中制备的BSAC比市售活性炭便宜约六倍，表明这项工作的成本效益。因此，该研究确定了将香蕉秸秆废物改性为活性炭对于从水性介质中吸附环丙沙星抗生素是有效的。