Tendon is a mechanosensitive tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone. Physiological loading contributes to maintaining the homeostasis and adaptation of tendon, but aberrant loading may lead to injury or failed repair. It is shown that stem cells respond to mechanical loading and play an essential role in both acute and chronic injuries, as well as in tendon repair. In the process of mechanotransduction, mechanical loading is detected by mechanosensors that regulate cell differentiation and proliferation via several signaling pathways. In order to better understand the stem-cell response to mechanical stimulation and the potential mechanism of the tendon repair process, in this review, we summarize the source and role of endogenous and exogenous stem cells active in tendon repair, describe the mechanical response of stem cells, and finally, highlight the mechanotransduction process and underlying signaling pathways.

中文翻译：

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干细胞的机械转导以修复肌腱。

肌腱是一种机械敏感的组织，可以将力量从肌肉传递到骨骼。生理负荷有助于维持肌腱的动态平衡和适应，但是异常负荷可能导致受伤或修复失败。结果表明，干细胞对机械负荷有反应，并且在急性和慢性损伤以及肌腱修复中起着至关重要的作用。在机械转导过程中，通过机械传感器检测机械负荷，该传感器通过以下方式调节细胞的分化和增殖几种信号通路。为了更好地理解干细胞对机械刺激的反应以及肌腱修复过程的潜在机制，在本文中，我们总结了内源性和外源性干细胞在肌腱修复中活跃的来源和作用，描述了干细胞的机械反应。细胞，最后，突出了机械转导过程和潜在的信号通路。