Traumatic coagulopathy due to severe external injury and internal hemorrhage is life-threatening to accident victims and soldiers on the battlefield, causing considerable number of deaths worldwide. Patients with inherited bleeding disorders (such as haemophilia, von Willebrand disease, inherited qualitative platelet defects, and afibrinogenemia) also contribute to the vast number of deaths due to abnormal bleeding, and these patients are difficult to handle during surgery. Platelets and different plasma proteins play an essential role in blood coagulation and in the maintenance of the body's hemostatic balance. The improper function or deficiency of these factors cause abnormal bleeding. To address such bleeding disorders, external clotting agents (such as extracellular protein-inspired natural and synthetic peptide-based sealants and peptide-functionalized polymer/liposome-based sealants) have been developed by different groups of researchers. The primary focus of this review is to provide molecular insights into the existing biologically inspired peptide-based sealants, highlighting the advantages and limitations of such reported designed sealants to handle blood clotting, and also provide insights into the design of improved next-generation surgical sealants.

中文翻译：

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用于快速止血的肽类外用制剂和静脉止血剂

严重外伤和内出血导致的创伤性凝血障碍对事故受害者和战场上的士兵来说是致命的，在全世界造成相当多的人死亡。患有遗传性出血性疾病（如血友病、冯维勒布兰德病、遗传性血小板缺陷和无纤维蛋白原血症）的患者也导致大量因异常出血而死亡，而这些患者在手术中很难处理。血小板和不同的血浆蛋白在血液凝固和维持机体的止血平衡中发挥着重要作用。这些因素功能不当或缺乏，会导致异常出血。为了解决此类出血性疾病，不同的研究小组已经开发了外部凝血剂（例如受细胞外蛋白启发的天然和合成的基于肽的密封剂和基于肽功能化的聚合物/脂质体的密封剂）。本综述的主要重点是提供对现有生物启发的肽基密封剂的分子见解，强调此类报道设计的密封剂在处理血液凝固方面的优点和局限性，并提供对改进的下一代手术密封剂的设计的见解。