Three needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which had been manufactured with sodium (Na⁺) bentonite (Na-GCL) and polymerised sodium bentonites (PLS-GCL-1 and PLS-GCL-2) were permeated with 50 and 100 mM copper (II) chloride (CuCl₂) solutions. The hydraulic conductivity of Na-GCL to 50 mM copper (II) chloride gradually increased to 7·7 × 10⁻⁹ m/s. In contrast, PLS-GCL-1 and PLS-GCL-2 had hydraulic conductivities of 1·5 × 10⁻¹¹ and 4·2 × 10⁻¹¹ m/s to 50 mM copper (II) chloride solution, respectively. Dissolution of polymers and precipitation of copper (II) (Cu²⁺) ions are two reasons for the low hydraulic conductivity. Metal fittings were replaced with plastic fittings, and hydraulic conductivity tests have been conducted with both solutions. The hydraulic conductivities were still low and were equal to 7·2 × 10⁻¹¹ and 6·2 × 10⁻¹¹ m/s with 50 and 100 mM copper (II) chloride solutions, respectively. Chemical analyses showed that cation replacements took place between bentonites and copper (II) ions. The effluents were abundant in monovalent and divalent cations which had been released from bentonites. In contrast, a considerable amount of copper (II) ions was detected in the effluents, indicating the start of the breakthrough tendency of GCLs to copper (II) ions.

中文翻译：

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土工合成粘土衬里对氯化铜溶液的阻隔性能

将分别由钠（Na ⁺）膨润土（Na-GCL）和聚合钠膨润土（PLS-GCL-1和PLS-GCL-2）制成的三个针刺土工合成粘土衬里（GCL）渗透到50和100 mM中氯化铜（II）（CuCl ₂）溶液。Na-GCL对50 mM氯化铜（II）的水力传导率逐渐提高至7·7×10 ^-9  m / s。相比之下，PLS-GCL-1和PLS-GCL-2 对50 mM氯化铜溶液的水导率分别为1·5×10 ^-11和4·2×10 ^-11 m / s。聚合物溶解和铜（II）（Cu ²⁺离子是水导率低的两个原因。金属配件已替换为塑料配件，并且两种解决方案均进行了水力传导性测试。在 50和100mM的氯化铜（II）溶液中，水力传导率仍然很低，分别等于7·2×10 ^-11和6·2×10 ^-11 m / s。化学分析表明，膨润土和铜（II）离子之间发生了阳离子置换。从膨润土中释放出的废水中含有丰富的一价和二价阳离子。相反，在废水中检测到大量的铜（II）离子，表明GCL突破铜（II）离子的趋势开始了。