Palaeoecological studies can identify past trends in vegetation communities and processes over long time scales. Pollen, plant macrofossils and charcoal analyses are used to reconstruct vegetation over the last 6400 years and provide information about former human impact and disturbance regimes in Färnebofjärden National Park, Central Sweden. Three specific conservation planning topics were addressed: (1) the changing ratio of conifers to broadleaved trees; (2) the origin and history of the river meadows and the biodiverse Populus tremula meadows; (3) the role of fire in the maintenance of biological values. Early diverse mixed broadleaved forest assemblages with pine were followed by significant declines of the more thermophilic forest elements prior to the expansion of spruce in the Iron Age. The rise to dominance of spruce was a ‘natural’ process that has been exaggerated by anthropogenic disturbance to artificially high levels today. The initial river meadow communities were facilitated by fire and frequent flooding events, but subsequent dynamics have more definitely been supported by human activities. Rural abandonment during the last 100 years has led to woody successions. Fire has been a continual disturbance factor with an influence on conservation issues such as Picea abies dominance and the maintenance of diverse, non-forest communities. Present occurrence of fire is unusually low, but natural fire frequencies are increasing in the region.

中文翻译：

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瑞典中部 Färnebofjärden 国家公园的植被动态和火灾历史

古生态学研究可以确定长期尺度上植被群落和过程的过去趋势。花粉、植物大型化石和木炭分析用于重建过去 6400 年来的植被，并提供有关瑞典中部 Färnebofjärden 国家公园以前人类影响和干扰状况的信息。讨论了三个具体的保护规划主题：(1) 针叶树与阔叶树的比率变化；(2)河流草甸和具有生物多样性的胡杨草甸的起源和历史；(3)火在维持生物价值方面的作用。在铁器时代云杉扩张之前，早期多样化的阔叶林与松林组合随后是更嗜热的森林元素的显着下降。云杉占据主导地位是一个“自然”过程，如今已被人为干扰夸大到人为的高水平。最初的河流草甸社区受到火灾和频繁的洪水事件的促进，但随后的动态更明确地得到了人类活动的支持。在过去的 100 年里，农村的遗弃导致了木本的继承。火灾一直是一个持续的干扰因素，对保护问题有影响，例如云杉的优势和多样化的非森林社区的维护。目前火灾发生率异常低，但该地区的自然火灾频率正在增加。但随后的动态更明确地得到了人类活动的支持。在过去的 100 年里，农村的遗弃导致了木本的继承。火灾一直是一个持续的干扰因素，对保护问题有影响，例如云杉的优势和多样化的非森林社区的维护。目前火灾发生率异常低，但该地区的自然火灾频率正在增加。但随后的动态更明确地得到了人类活动的支持。在过去的 100 年里，农村的遗弃导致了木本的继承。火灾一直是一个持续的干扰因素，对保护问题有影响，例如云杉的优势和多样化的非森林社区的维护。目前火灾发生率异常低，但该地区的自然火灾频率正在增加。