The Japanese archipelago is located at the periphery of the continent of Asia. Rivers in the Japanese archipelago, separated from the continent of Asia about 17 Ma, have experienced an intermittent exchange of freshwater fish taxa through a narrow land bridge generated by lowered sea level. As the Korean Peninsula and Japanese archipelago were not covered by an ice sheet during glacial periods, phylogeographical analyses in this region can trace the history of biota for a long time beyond the last glacial maximum. In this study, we analyzed the phylogeography of four freshwater fish taxa, Hemibarbus longirostris, dark chub Nipponocypris temminckii, Tanakia ssp. and Carassius ssp., whose distributions include both the Korean Peninsula and western Japan. We found for each taxon that a small component of diverse Korean clades of freshwater fishes migrated in waves into the Japanese archipelago to form the current phylogeographic structure of biota. Indigenous populations were replaced by succeeding migrants. We refer to this phenomenon as "waves out of the Korean Peninsula," with parallels to "out of Africa" in humans.

中文翻译：

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朝鲜半岛海浪和日本淡水鱼类的种间和种内替代

日本群岛位于亚洲大陆的外围。与亚洲大陆分开的日本群岛河流，经历了由海平面降低引起的狭窄陆桥，间歇性地交换淡水鱼类群。由于朝鲜半岛和日本群岛在冰川期没有被冰盖覆盖，因此该地区的植物地理学分析可以长期追踪生物区系的历史，超过了最后一次冰川期。在这项研究中，我们分析了四个淡水鱼类类群，半翅目长鳍金枪鱼，暗Nipponocypris temminckii，Tanakia ssp的系统地理学。和Car鱼属（Carassius ssp。），其分布范围包括朝鲜半岛和日本西部。我们发现，对于每个分类单元，韩国淡水鱼类进化枝中的一小部分会以波浪的形式迁移到日本群岛，从而形成当前的生物区系。后继移民取代了原住民。我们称这种现象为“朝鲜半岛的波涛”，与人类的“非洲之波”相似。