Although the first two or three formant frequencies are considered essential cues for vowel identification, certain limitations of this approach have been noted. Alternative explanations have suggested listeners rely on other aspects of the gross spectral shape. A study conducted by Ito, Tsuchida, and Yano [(2001). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1141–1149] offered strong support for the latter, as attenuation of individual formant peaks left vowel identification largely unaffected. In the present study, these experiments are replicated in two dialects of English. Although the results were similar to those of Ito, Tsuchida, and Yano [(2001). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1141–1149], quantitative analyses showed that when a formant is suppressed, participant response entropy increases due to increased listener uncertainty. In a subsequent experiment, using synthesized vowels with changing formant frequencies, suppressing individual formant peaks led to reliable changes in identification of certain vowels but not in others. These findings indicate that listeners can identify vowels with missing formant peaks. However, such formant-peak suppression may lead to decreased certainty in identification of steady-state vowels or even changes in vowel identification in certain dynamically specified vowels.

中文翻译：

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缺少共振峰的元音感知

尽管前两个或三个共振峰频率被认为是元音识别的基本提示，但已注意到该方法的某些局限性。另一种解释是，建议听众依赖总频谱形状的其他方面。伊藤，土田和矢野[[ 2001 ]进行的研究。J. Acoust。Soc。上午。[ 110，1141–1149]为后者提供了有力的支持，因为单个共振峰的衰减几乎不影响元音识别。在本研究中，这些实验以两种英语方言复制。尽管结果与伊藤，土田和矢野[（2001）]相似。J. Acoust。Soc。上午。110，1141–1149]，定量分析表明，抑制共振峰时，由于听众的不确定性增加，参与者的响应熵也会增加。在随后的实验中，使用具有变化的共振峰频率的合成元音，抑制单个共振峰会导致某些元音的识别发生可靠变化，而其他元音则没有变化。这些发现表明，听众可以识别出缺少共振峰的元音。但是，这种共振峰峰抑制可能导致稳态元音识别的确定性降低，甚至导致某些动态指定的元音中元音识别的变化。