To identify appropriate genotypes for breeding varieties suitable for semi-arid areas, yield components, as well as morphophonological traits of 127 safflower genotypes, were assessed at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups. The largest group (third cluster) includes 48 genotypes with characteristics such as mostly yellow-coloured flowers, mostly thorny with few thistle genotypes, relatively early-flowering, relatively high number of heads and grains per plant, highest 1000-grain weight with the highest grain yields. In contrast, the smallest group (second cluster) contains 13 genotypes with characteristics such as yellow florets, semi-dwarf, thorny, moderately late-flowering, low number of heads per plant and number of grains per head, low 1000-grain weight, and low grain yield. Principal component analysis results showed that the three components accounted for 29.5, 15.9 and 11.1% of the total variation, respectively. Graphic representation of the biplots based on the first and second principal components showed that the experimental genotypes were classified into four groups. The results also indicated that stem diameter, the number of branches, heads per plant and grains per head had the highest correlation with the first component, and grain yield, flower colour, flowering initiation and plant height had the highest correlation with the second component. These traits can be considered as an appropriate index for the selection of elite safflower genotypes for breeding varieties suited to cultivation in semi-arid conditions.

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半干旱条件下红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）基因型产量评价

为了确定适合半干旱地区的育种品种的合适基因型，伊朗种子和植物改良研究所对 127 个红花基因型的产量成分和形态特征进行了评估。聚类分析揭示了四个不同的群体。最大的组（第三簇）包括 48 个基因型，其特征包括花多为黄色，多刺，蓟基因型很少，开花相对较早，每株头数和粒数相对较高，千粒重最高，最高粮食产量。相比之下，最小的组（第二簇）包含13个基因型，具有黄色小花、半矮化、多刺、适度晚花、每株头数和每头粒数低、千粒重低、和粮食产量低。主成分分析结果显示，三个成分分别占总变异的29.5%、15.9%和11.1%。基于第一和第二主成分的双图的图形表示表明，实验基因型分为四组。结果还表明，茎粗、分枝数、单株头数和单株粒数与第一成分的相关性最高，而籽粒产量、花色、开花起始和株高与第二成分的相关性最高。这些性状可以作为选择适合半干旱条件栽培的红花品种的优良基因型的合适指标。分别占总变异的 1%。基于第一和第二主成分的双图的图形表示表明，实验基因型分为四组。结果还表明，茎粗、分枝数、单株头数和单株粒数与第一成分的相关性最高，而籽粒产量、花色、开花起始和株高与第二成分的相关性最高。这些性状可以作为选择适合半干旱条件栽培的红花品种的优良基因型的合适指标。分别占总变异的 1%。基于第一和第二主成分的双图图形表示显示实验基因型分为四组。结果还表明，茎粗、分枝数、单株头数和单株粒数与第一成分的相关性最高，而籽粒产量、花色、开花起始和株高与第二成分的相关性最高。这些性状可以作为选择适合半干旱条件栽培的红花品种的优良基因型的合适指标。结果还表明，茎粗、分枝数、单株头数和单株粒数与第一成分的相关性最高，而籽粒产量、花色、开花起始和株高与第二成分的相关性最高。这些性状可以作为选择适合半干旱条件栽培的红花品种的优良基因型的合适指标。结果还表明，茎粗、分枝数、单株头数和单株粒数与第一成分的相关性最高，而籽粒产量、花色、开花起始和株高与第二成分的相关性最高。这些性状可以作为选择适合半干旱条件栽培的红花品种的优良基因型的合适指标。