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Effects of Elevated Downstream Pressure and the Role of Smooth Muscle Cell Coupling through Connexin45 on Lymphatic Pacemaking
Biomolecules ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 , DOI: 10.3390/biom10101424
Jorge A Castorena-Gonzalez 1, 2 , Min Li 1 , Michael J Davis 1
Affiliation  

Lymphatic vessels rely on spontaneous lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) contractions and one-way intraluminal valves to efficiently pump lymph and return it into the bloodstream. Intraluminal pressure is known to regulate the contractile function of lymphatics, with pressure elevation leading to increased contraction frequency and decreased amplitude. Contractions are normally initiated by a dominant pacemaker and are highly entrained among strongly coupled LMCs. Previously, we found that connexin45 is the major connexin isoform mediating LMC-LMC electrical coupling. Lymphatics from mice lacking smooth muscle connexin45 display uncoordinated, impaired contractions. Here, we utilized this connexin45-deficient model, pressure myography, and recently developed, novel analytical tools to assess the effects of elevated downstream pressure on the number, location, and frequency of lymphatic pacemakers. Our results show that, in vessels from healthy controls, an increase in downstream pressure resulted in the recruitment/development of new pacemakers and increased contractile frequency while a dominant pacemaker continued to be observed. In contrast, vessels from connexin45-deficient mice displayed significantly more pacemakers, but none were dominant; this worsened with elevated downstream pressure. These results suggest a potential protective mechanism through which the lymphatic vasculature adapts to transient increases in downstream pressure, but which may not be sustained in scenarios with chronic elevated downstream pressure.

中文翻译:

下游压力升高的影响和平滑肌细胞通过连接蛋白45偶联对淋巴起搏的作用

淋巴管依靠自发性淋巴肌肉细胞 (LMC) 收缩和单向管腔内瓣膜来有效地泵送淋巴液并将其返回到血液中。已知腔内压力可调节淋巴管的收缩功能,压力升高会导致收缩频率增加和振幅降低。收缩通常由占主导地位的起搏器启动,并且在强耦合的 LMC 之间高度夹带。以前,我们发现连接蛋白 45 是介导 LMC-LMC 电耦合的主要连接蛋白同种型。缺乏平滑肌连接蛋白 45 的小鼠的淋巴管显示出不协调的、受损的收缩。在这里,我们利用这种连接蛋白 45 缺陷模型、压力肌图和最近开发的新型分析工具来评估下游压力升高对数量的影响,淋巴起搏器的位置和频率。我们的结果表明,在来自健康对照的血管中,下游压力的增加导致新起搏器的募集/发展和收缩频率增加,同时继续观察到占主导地位的起搏器。相比之下,来自连接蛋白 45 缺陷小鼠的血管显示出明显更多的起搏器,但没有一个占主导地位。这种情况随着下游压力升高而恶化。这些结果表明了一种潜在的保护机制,通过该机制,淋巴管系统可以适应下游压力的瞬时增加,但在下游压力长期升高的情况下可能无法持续。下游压力的增加导致新起搏器的招募/开发和收缩频率增加,同时继续观察到占主导地位的起搏器。相比之下,来自连接蛋白 45 缺陷小鼠的血管显示出明显更多的起搏器,但没有一个占主导地位。这种情况随着下游压力升高而恶化。这些结果表明了一种潜在的保护机制,通过该机制,淋巴管系统可以适应下游压力的瞬时增加,但在下游压力长期升高的情况下可能无法持续。下游压力的增加导致新起搏器的招募/开发和收缩频率增加,同时继续观察到占主导地位的起搏器。相比之下,来自连接蛋白 45 缺陷小鼠的血管显示出明显更多的起搏器,但没有一个占主导地位。这种情况随着下游压力升高而恶化。这些结果表明了一种潜在的保护机制,通过该机制,淋巴管系统可以适应下游压力的瞬时增加,但在下游压力长期升高的情况下可能无法持续。这种情况随着下游压力升高而恶化。这些结果表明了一种潜在的保护机制,通过该机制,淋巴管系统可以适应下游压力的瞬时增加,但在下游压力长期升高的情况下可能无法持续。这种情况随着下游压力升高而恶化。这些结果表明了一种潜在的保护机制,通过该机制,淋巴管系统可以适应下游压力的瞬时增加,但在下游压力长期升高的情况下可能无法持续。
更新日期:2020-10-08
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