Abstract

Novel advances for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include regenerative approaches for fibrosis, hypertrophy, and neoangiogenesis. Studies indicate that growth factor (GF) signaling could promote heart repair since most of the evidence is derived from preclinical models. Observational studies have evaluated GF serum/plasma levels as feasible biomarkers for risk stratification of CVDs. Noteworthy, two clinical interventional published studies showed that the administration of growth factors (GFs) induced beneficial effect on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial perfusion, end-systolic volume index (ESVI). To date, large scale ongoing studies are in Phase I-II and mostly focussed on intramyocardial (IM), intracoronary (IC) or intravenous (IV) administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) which result in the most investigated GFs in the last 10 years. Future data of ongoing randomized controlled studies will be crucial in understanding whether GF-based protocols could be in a concrete way effective in the clinical setting.

摘要

心血管疾病 (CVD) 的新进展包括纤维化、肥大和新血管生成的再生方法。研究表明，生长因子 (GF) 信号可以促进心脏修复，因为大多数证据来自临床前模型。观察性研究评估了 GF 血清/血浆水平作为 CVD 风险分层的可行生物标志物。值得注意的是，两项已发表的临床介入研究表明，给予生长因子 (GFs) 对左心室射血分数 (LVEF)、心肌灌注、收缩末期容积指数 (ESVI) 产生有益影响。迄今为止，正在进行的大规模研究处于 I-II 期，主要集中在心肌内 (IM)、冠状动脉内 (IC) 或静脉内 (IV) 施用血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 和成纤维细胞生长因子-23 (FGF-23)，这导致了过去 10 年中研究最多的 GF。正在进行的随机对照研究的未来数据对于了解基于 GF 的方案是否可以在临床环境中以具体方式有效至关重要。