ABSTRACT

European legislation continues to drive down emission limit values, making the emission measurement of narrow stacks of increasing importance. However, the applicable standards (EN ISO 16911–1 and EN 15259) are poorly validated for narrow stacks, and the effect of flow disturbances on the described methods are largely unknown. In this article, measurement errors are investigated in narrow stacks with flow disturbances and swirl, both experimentally and through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The results indicate that measurement errors due to misalignment of the flow with typical measuring probes (pitot tubes) are small compared to errors resulting from the positioning of these probes in the measurement plane. Errors up to 15% are reported using the standardized methods, while the measurement error is both smaller and more predictable when using additional measurement points.

Implications: Current international standards provide methods to measure emissions from industrial stacks. With increasingly small emission limit values, the accuracy of these measurements is becoming considerably more important. The data from this study can be used to inform revisions of these standards, in particular with respect to flow disturbances in narrow stacks, and can help law- and policy-makers to obtain insight into the uncertainties of emission measurements in these specific situations.

摘要

欧洲立法继续降低排放限值，使得窄烟囱的排放测量变得越来越重要。然而，适用标准（EN ISO 16911–1 和 EN 15259）对于窄烟囱的验证很差，并且流动扰动对所描述方法的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在本文中，通过实验和计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模拟，在具有流动扰动和涡流的窄堆栈中研究了测量误差。结果表明，与由这些探头在测量平面中的定位引起的误差相比，由于流动与典型测量探头（皮托管）未对准而导致的测量误差很小。使用标准化方法报告的错误高达 15%，

影响：当前的国际标准提供了测量工业烟囱排放的方法。随着排放限值越来越小，这些测量的准确性变得越来越重要。这项研究的数据可用于为这些标准的修订提供信息，特别是在狭窄烟囱中的流动扰动方面，并可帮助法律和政策制定者深入了解这些特定情况下排放测量的不确定性。