Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is one of the most important crops in the world. Understanding its genome organization (allohexaploid; AABBDD; 2n = 6x = 42) is essential for geneticists and plant breeders. Particularly, the knowledge of how homologous chromosomes (equivalent chromosomes from the same genome) specifically recognize each other to pair at the beginning of meiosis, the cellular process to generate gametes in sexually reproducing organisms, is fundamental for plant breeding and has a big influence on the fertility of wheat plants. Initial homologous chromosome interactions contribute to specific recognition and pairing between homologues at the onset of meiosis. Understanding the molecular basis of these critical processes can help to develop genetic tools in a breeding context to promote interspecific chromosome associations in hybrids or interspecific genetic crosses to facilitate the transfer of desirable agronomic traits from related species into a crop like wheat. The terminal regions of chromosomes, which include telomeres and subtelomeres, participate in chromosome recognition and pairing. We present a detailed molecular analysis of subtelomeres of wheat chromosome arms 1AS, 4AS, 7AS, 7BS and 7DS. Results showed a high polymorphism in the subtelomeric region among homoeologues (equivalent chromosomes from related genomes) for all the features analyzed, including genes, transposable elements, repeats, GC content, predicted CpG islands, recombination hotspots and targeted sequence motifs for relevant DNA‐binding proteins. These polymorphisms might be the molecular basis for the specificity of homologous recognition and pairing in initial chromosome interactions at the beginning of meiosis in wheat.

中文翻译：

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小麦亚端粒的序列分析显示同源染色体之间存在高度多态性

面包小麦，小麦L.，是世界上最重要的农作物之一。了解基因组的组织（六倍体； AABBDD； 2n = 6x = 42）对于遗传学家和植物育种者至关重要。特别是，关于同源染色体（来自同一基因组的等价染色体）如何在减数分裂开始时特异地彼此识别配对的知识，即在有性繁殖生物中产生配子的细胞过程，对于植物育种至关重要，并且对小麦植物的肥力。最初的同源染色体相互作用有助于减数分裂发作时同源物之间的特异性识别和配对。了解这些关键过程的分子基础可有助于在育种背景下开发遗传工具，以促进杂种或种间遗传杂交中的种间染色体关联，以促进所需的农艺性状从相关物种向小麦等农作物的转移。染色体的末端区域（包括端粒和亚端粒）参与染色体识别和配对。我们介绍了小麦染色体臂1AS，4AS，7AS，7BS和7DS亚端粒的详细分子分析。结果显示，所分析的所有特征，包括基因，转座因子，重复序列，GC含量，预测的CpG岛，同系物（相关基因组的等价染色体）之间的亚端粒区域均具有高度多态性。相关DNA结合蛋白的重组热点和靶向序列基序。这些多态性可能是小麦减数分裂开始时初始染色体相互作用中同源识别和配对特异性的分子基础。