Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become crucial players in the field of medicine and various other industries. AgNPs have a wide array of applications, which includes production of electronic goods, cosmetics, synthesis of dyes, and printing inks, as well as targeted delivery of drugs to specialized cells inside the body. Even though humans readily come in contact with these particles, the organ‐specific accumulation and resulting mechanisms of toxicity induced by inhaled AgNPs are still under investigation. The goal of this study was to determine the organ distribution of inhaled AgNPs and investigate the resulting systemic toxicity. To do this, male Wistar rats were exposed by inhalation to AgNPs for 4 hr/day (200 parts per billion/day) for five consecutive days. The nanoparticles were generated using a laser ablation technique using a soft‐landing ion mobility (SLIM) instrument. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP‐MS) analysis showed organ‐specific accumulation of the nanoparticles, with the highest concentration present in the lungs, followed by the liver and kidneys. Nanoparticle distribution was characterized in the organs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI‐MS) imaging. Bone marrow cytotoxicity assay of the cells from the femur of rats showed micronuclei formation and signs of cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, rats displayed increased levels of circulating lactate and glutathione disulphide (GSSG), as determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis. Collectively, our observations suggest that inhaled subacute exposure to AgNP results in accumulation of AgNPs in the lungs, liver, and kidneys, preferentially, as well as mediates induced systemic toxicity.

中文翻译：

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亚急性暴露银纳米粒子对 Wistar 大鼠的毒理学改变

银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 已成为医学和其他各种行业的关键参与者。AgNPs 具有广泛的应用，包括生产电子产品、化妆品、染料合成和印刷油墨，以及将药物靶向递送到体内的专门细胞。尽管人类很容易接触到这些颗粒，但吸入 AgNPs 引起的器官特异性积累和由此产生的毒性机制仍在研究中。本研究的目的是确定吸入的 AgNPs 的器官分布并调查由此产生的全身毒性。为此，雄性 Wistar 大鼠连续五天通过吸入 AgNPs 暴露于 AgNPs 4 小时/天（十亿分之 200/天）。纳米粒子是通过使用软着陆离子迁移率 (SLIM) 仪器的激光烧蚀技术生成的。电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS) 分析显示纳米颗粒的器官特异性积累，肺中浓度最高，其次是肝脏和肾脏。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱（MALDI-MS）成像表征器官中的纳米颗粒分布。来自大鼠股骨的细胞的骨髓细胞毒性测定显示微核形成和细胞细胞毒性的迹象。此外，通过液相色谱-质谱 (LC-MS) 分析确定，大鼠的循环乳酸和谷胱甘肽二硫化物 (GSSG) 水平升高。总的来说，