Abstract We examine the electrical and thermal characteristics of a photovoltaic module with three-terminal cell interconnection when partially shading a solar cell by experimentally verified modeling. For the interconnection of multi junction and tandem solar cells a two- (2T), three- (3T), and four-terminal (4T) cell architecture is conceivable. The 3T architecture featuring a combination of parallel and series interconnection combines the advantageous of 2T and 4T cells without their drawbacks. We build a photovoltaic (PV) module with silicon solar cells in a 3T tandem solar cell interconnection configuration (3TTSC PV module) to emulate a solar module with 20 3TTSC. To the best of our knowledge, no 3TTSC PV module with more than five solar cells has been shown in previous studies. We measure the effect of partially shading a 3TTSC in this module and develop an electrical simulation to model our experimental results. In the simulations we determine the dissipated power in the top and bottom cells due to the current mismatch caused by partial shading. Our results reveal that the shaded top and bottom cell as well as the adjacent top cell dissipate power when a single 3TTSC is shaded. The two top cells share the dissipated power. Our simulated power dissipation correlates with temperature measurements of the 3TTSC PV module in a steady-state sun simulator. Therefore, in a 3TTSC PV module the temperature of a shaded cell is lower than in a module with 2T configuration. This is an advantage of PV modules with 3T tandem solar cells in terms of reliability and long-term stability.

中文翻译：

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具有 3 端电池互连的光伏模块中一个太阳能电池的部分遮蔽

摘要 我们通过实验验证的建模检查了太阳能电池部分遮蔽时具有三端电池互连的光伏模块的电气和热特性。对于多结和串联太阳能电池的互连，可以设想二（2T）、三（3T）和四端子（4T）电池架构。具有并联和串联互连组合的 3T 架构结合了 2T 和 4T 电池的优点而没有它们的缺点。我们使用 3T 串联太阳能电池互连配置（3TTSC PV 模块）中的硅太阳能电池构建光伏 (PV) 模块，以模拟具有 20 个 3TTSC 的太阳能模块。据我们所知，之前的研究中没有显示出具有超过五个太阳能电池的 3TTSC PV 模块。我们测量了在这个模块中部分遮蔽 3TTSC 的效果，并开发了一个电气模拟来模拟我们的实验结果。在模拟中，我们确定了由于部分阴影引起的电流不匹配而导致的顶部和底部电池的耗散功率。我们的结果表明，当单个 3TTSC 被遮蔽时，遮蔽的顶部和底部电池以及相邻的顶部电池会耗散功率。两个顶部电池共享耗散功率。我们的模拟功耗与稳态太阳模拟器中 3TTSC PV 模块的温度测量值相关。因此，在 3TTSC 光伏组件中，遮蔽电池的温度低于具有 2T 配置的组件。这是具有 3T 串联太阳能电池的光伏组件在可靠性和长期稳定性方面的优势。