Abstract Northern Mexico is predominantly composed of moderately developed red soils that provide evidence of weathering, rubification, neoformation of clay, and pedogenic carbonate accumulation. These soils constitute a pedological unit named San Rafael Paleosol (SRP) which were developed during the late Pleistocene (MIS 2) to the middle Holocene (15,000–4500 cal years BP). These paleosols can use as a chronologic marker at a regional scale. In this paper, we present a pedogenic interpretation of the paleosol-sedimentary processes during the late Quaternary, which contributes to the reconstruction of regional paleoenvironment. The development of SRP takes place over more than 15,000 years, and this pedogenesis is interrupted by stages of strong climatic instability, causing erosion of the SRP and sedimentation, presumably during the Altithermal. The records of La Playa show that SRP is buried by fluvial sediments, which include different facies. These sedimentation events are associated with the end of the Altithermal period and evidence more active geomorphic processes. These conditions are also observed at El Gramal, where dune sediments overly the SRP. This discontinuity evidence an intense erosional/sedimentation phase. In the particular case of El Fin del Mundo site, it is observed more mesic conditions as the water table rose, creating a wetland. Much of the synchronous variation in the morphology of the paleosols (pedofacies) can be explained by differences in local geomorphological conditions. These palaoesols developed under a semi-arid climate, slightly more humid than the present one with winter dominant rains and marked seasonal changes. These assumptions are supported by soil micromorphology, physical characteristics (color, grain size distribution) and composition of total organic and inorganic carbon. Additional paleoenvironmental information is also extracted from microbiomorphic analyses and diatoms assemblages from the one profile at El Fin del Mundo site.

中文翻译：

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表面过程对索诺拉全新世景观变化的响应：来自 Fin del Mundo 和 gramal 考古遗址古土壤-沉积序列的证据

摘要 墨西哥北部主要由中等发育的红壤组成，这些红壤提供了风化、红化、粘土新形成和成土碳酸盐积累的证据。这些土壤构成了一个名为 San Rafael Paleosol (SRP) 的土壤单元，它是在晚更新世 (MIS 2) 到全新世中期（15,000-4500 卡年 BP）期间开发的。这些古土壤可以用作区域尺度的年代标记。在本文中，我们提出了晚第四纪古土壤-沉积过程的成土解释，有助于区域古环境的重建。SRP 的发展发生了 15,000 多年，这种成土过程被强烈的气候不稳定阶段中断，导致 SRP 的侵蚀和沉积，大概是在高热期间。La Playa 的记录显示 SRP 被河流沉积物掩埋，其中包括不同的相。这些沉积事件与高热期的结束有关，并证明了更活跃的地貌过程。在 El Gramal 也观察到这些情况，那里的沙丘沉积物覆盖在 SRP 上。这种不连续性证明了强烈的侵蚀/沉积阶段。在 El Fin del Mundo 站点的特殊情况下，随着地下水位上升，观察到更加微弱的条件，从而形成了湿地。古土壤（基相）形态的大部分同步变化可以用当地地貌条件的差异来解释。这些古土壤发育在半干旱气候下，比现在的气候稍潮湿，冬季以降雨为主，季节变化明显。这些假设得到土壤微形态、物理特性（颜色、粒度分布）和总有机和无机碳组成的支持。还从 El Fin del Mundo 站点的一个剖面的微生物形态分析和硅藻组合中提取了额外的古环境信息。