In this work, the feasibility of using natural clays for the manufacture of clay ceramics processed by fast drying was studied using mixture design (DoE). Three clays were selected and their chemical (XRF), mineralogical (XRD) and particle size characteristics (laser diffraction) were determined. A plastic clay, a sandy clay and a claystone were used in a simplex centroid mixture design resulting in 10 compositions that were processed by extrusion. The extruded samples were subjected to forced drying in fast cycles of 180 min. The performance of the process, content of coarser particles, moisture loss and drying shrinkage were evaluated by response surfaces. As a result, the plastic clay was the most significant factor for the properties under analysis, since mixtures using above 33 % of this clay resulted in losses of moisture by drying greater than 50 %. The plastic clay showed low content of coarser particles (>45 μm), therefore hindering the diffusion of water between capillaries, resulting in high shrinkage and causing cracks during drying. The use of claystone could stabilize the shrinkage in the neutral zone of drying, minimizing the number of defective samples during drying caused by cracking.

在这项工作中，使用混合设计（DoE）研究了使用天然粘土制造通过快速干燥处理的粘土陶瓷的可行性。选择了三种粘土，并确定了它们的化学（XRF），矿物学（XRD）和粒度特征（激光衍射）。在单纯形质心混合物设计中使用了塑料粘土，沙质粘土和粘土岩，得到了10种通过挤出加工的组合物。将挤出的样品以180分钟的快速循环进行强制干燥。通过响应表面评价了该工艺的性能，粗颗粒的含量，水分损失和干燥收缩率。结果，塑料粘土是影响分析性能的最重要因素，因为混合物中使用了33％以上的这种粘土，导致干燥后水分损失超过50％。该塑料粘土显示出较低的粗颗粒含量（> 45μm），因此阻碍了水在毛细管之间的扩散，从而导致高收缩率并导致干燥过程中出现裂纹。粘土石的使用可以稳定干燥中性区的收缩，从而最大程度地减少了裂纹引起的干燥过程中有缺陷的样品数量。