Abstract Durum wheat is one of the most important crops in the Mediterranean basin. The choice of the cultivar and the sowing time are key management practices that ensure high yield. Crop simulation models could be used to investigate the genotype × environment × sowing window (G × E×SW) interactions in order to optimize farmers’ actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the wheat model SiriusQuality in simulating durum wheat yields in Mediterranean environments and its potential to explore the G × E×SW interactions. SiriusQuality was assessed in multiple growing seasons at seven sites located in Italy, Spain and Morocco, where locally adapted cultivars were grown. The model showed good ability in predicting anthesis and maturity date (Pearson r >0.8), as well as above ground biomass and grain yield (6 %

中文翻译：

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了解地中海盆地硬粒小麦基因型×环境×播种窗口相互作用的影响

摘要 硬粒小麦是地中海盆地最重要的农作物之一。品种的选择和播种时间是确保高产的关键管理措施。作物模拟模型可用于研究基因型×环境×播种窗口（G×E×SW）的相互作用，以优化农民的行为。本研究的目的是评估小麦模型 SiriusQuality 在模拟地中海环境中硬粒小麦产量的性能及其探索 G × E×SW 相互作用的潜力。SiriusQuality 在位于意大利、西班牙和摩洛哥的七个地点的多个生长季节进行了评估，这些地点种植了适应当地的品种。该模型在预测开花和成熟日期（Pearson r > 0.8）以及地上生物量和谷物产量（6 %