Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is perceived as a condition of disrupted vaginal microbiota, but remains of unknown aetiology. In this study, vaginal microbiota composition was determined in twenty-one women with BV, before and after treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin. Microbiota composition varied greatly between women and defining a (un)healthy vaginal microbiota state remains elusive, challenging BV diagnosis and treatment. While relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased after antibiotic treatment in two-third of women, its abundance was not associated with treatment outcome. Instead, remaining complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge were more common after metronidazole treatment and associated with increased relative abundance of Ureaplasma.

细菌性阴道病 (BV) 被认为是阴道微生物群被破坏的一种情况，但病因尚不清楚。在这项研究中，确定了 21 名 BV 女性在使用甲硝唑或克林霉素治疗前后的阴道微生物群组成。女性之间的微生物群组成差异很大，定义（不）健康的阴道微生物群状态仍然难以捉摸，对 BV 的诊断和治疗具有挑战性。虽然三分之二的女性在抗生素治疗后乳酸杆菌的相对丰度增加，但其丰度与治疗结果无关。相反，在甲硝唑治疗后，阴道分泌物异常的剩余抱怨更为常见，并且与脲原体的相对丰度增加有关。