Abstract

Processes of advanced treatment of domestic wastewater in fiber-packed bioreactors were studied. It was shown that, at the first stage of the operation of the bioreactors, such processes as adhesion, sorption, diffusion, decomposition, oxidation, etc. occur; and at the second stage, the biomass dies, and, together with mineral particles, is detached from the surface of Nylon 6 threads of the fiber packing, and is carried out of the bioreactors under the action of the hydrodynamic forces of the liquid flow. A mathematical model was constructed to describe the processes of the mass transfer between the wastewater flow and the surface of the biofilm formed on the threads of the fiber packing with taking into account the balance of the contaminant concentrations in the wastewater in the course of its downward movement. It was determined that, in designing the bioreactor, the distance between the axes of the threads should be chosen such that, on the one hand, the water velocity between the threads does not exceed a certain critical velocity, at which microorganisms attached to fibers are washed away, and on the other, the water velocity is sufficient for the rest of the biomass detached from the fibers to be carried out of the bioreactor. It was proposed to consider that the velocity of the water being treated in the bioreactor is in the range 1–5 m/h. It was studied how the degree of wastewater treatment in a plant depends on the design and process parameters of the bioreactor, namely, the contents of organic contaminants of wastewater, the length of threads of the fiber packing, the water velocity between the threads, the duration of the downward movement of wastewater in the bioreactor, and the biosorption parameter. For example, the biosorption parameter at a diameter of threads of the fiber packing of 2 mm and a distance between their axes of 10 mm is nine times higher than the biosorption parameter at values of the respective parameters of 1 and 20 mm, respectively. A procedure of engineering design of a bioreactor was developed, which enables one to determine the characteristics of the main design elements ensuring the standard quality of the treated water.

中文翻译：

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用于生活污水深度处理的工厂中纤维填充生物反应器的数学建模和设计

摘要

研究了纤维填充生物反应器中生活污水的深度处理工艺。结果表明，在生物反应器运行的第一阶段，会发生诸如粘附，吸附，扩散，分解，氧化等过程。在第二阶段，生物质死亡，并且与矿物颗粒一起从纤维填料的尼龙6线的表面脱离，并在液体流的流体动力的作用下从生物反应器中带出。建立了一个数学模型来描述废水流与纤维填料丝上形成的生物膜表面之间的传质过程，同时考虑到废水向下过程中污染物浓度的平衡运动。确定，在设计生物反应器时，应选择线轴之间的距离，以使一方面，线之间的水速不超过某个临界速度，在该临界速度下，附着在纤维上的微生物被冲走，然后另一方面，水速度足以使从纤维分离的其余生物质被带出生物反应器。建议考虑在生物反应器中处理的水的速度在1-5 m / h的范围内。研究了工厂废水的处理程度如何取决于生物反应器的设计和工艺参数，即废水中有机污染物的含量，纤维填料的线长，线之间的水速，废水在生物反应器中向下运动的持续时间以及生物吸附参数。例如，在纤维填料的线的直径为2mm且它们的轴之间的距离为10mm时的生物吸附参数分别是在各自的参数值为1mm和20mm时的生物吸附参数的九倍。开发了一种生物反应器的工程设计程序，该程序使人们能够确定主要设计元素的特性，从而确保处理水的标准质量。