The dynamics of the state of forest communities in sites exposed to recreational effects of different intensities is assessed by testing two assumptions: (1) the taxonomic richness and diversity of communities are lower and the number of synanthropic species is higher in sites exposed to significant recreational effects; (2) the number and proportion of synanthropic species continue to increase with continued recreational use. The studies were carried out from 2012 to 2019 in four specially protected areas in the Middle Urals (Russia). Monitoring was carried out in two plots in each area: one of them was exposed to heavy recreational impacts and the other was a control one. It is revealed that the average number of species is the same in communities from the recreational plots and from the control ones; however, the number and proportion of synanthropic species is higher and that of indigenous ones is lower under intensive recreation conditions. The proportion of synanthropic species significantly increased in communities from highly visited and, most importantly, rarely visited plots over 7 years. Therefore, the transformation of the species composition of plant communities in recreational nature reserves has been established not only in plots with intensive recreational impacts but also in rarely visited plots. This is a new empirical fact that indicates the possibility of rapid synanthropization of forest vegetation in these recreationally used protected areas.

中文翻译：

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由于休闲用途，自然公园植物群落的快速变化

通过测试两个假设来评估暴露于不同强度的娱乐影响的地点的森林群落状态的动态：(1) 社区的分类丰富度和多样性较低，而暴露于显着娱乐活动的地点的合人类物种数量较高效果；(2) 同人类种的数量和比例随着娱乐用途的不断增加而不断增加。这些研究于 2012 年至 2019 年在中乌拉尔（俄罗斯）的四个特别保护区进行。每个地区的两个地块都进行了监测：一个地块受到严重的娱乐影响，另一个地块是对照地块。结果表明，休闲区和对照区群落的平均物种数相同；然而，在集约化休闲条件下，同种人种的数量和比例较高，土著种的数量和比例较低。在 7 年多来访问频繁且最重要的是很少访问的地块的社区中，合人类物种的比例显着增加。因此，游憩自然保护区植物群落物种组成的转变不仅在游憩影响强烈的地块中，而且在很少访问的地块中也已建立。这是一个新的经验事实，表明在这些娱乐用途的保护区中，森林植被有可能快速协同化。在 7 年多的时间里，来自高度访问且最重要的是很少访问的地块的社区中的同种人物种比例显着增加。因此，游憩自然保护区植物群落物种组成的转变不仅在游憩影响强烈的地块中，而且在很少访问的地块中也已建立。这是一个新的经验事实，表明在这些娱乐用途的保护区中，森林植被有可能快速协同化。在 7 年多的时间里，来自高度访问且最重要的是很少访问的地块的社区中的同种人物种比例显着增加。因此，游憩自然保护区植物群落物种组成的转变不仅在游憩影响强烈的地块中，而且在很少访问的地块中也已建立。这是一个新的经验事实，表明在这些娱乐用途的保护区中，森林植被有可能快速协同化。