Aluminum is widely used in fields that require lightweight technology, such as in the aerospace and automobile industries. The welding of aluminum alloys, however, tends to generate large deformations in the welded structures due to its large heat conductivity and thermal expansion. Therefore, this study aims to reduce welding deformations that occur in the welding process by obtaining an optimal welding sequence. The welding sequence optimization process consists of two main stages. The first involves the prediction of the welding deformation behavior by using thermo-elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The second stage optimizes the welding sequence by using a genetic algorithm (GA), which can efficiently optimize very large solution spaces considering not only the welding sequence, but also the welding direction. In addition, this study proposed an appropriate and efficient GA for the present optimization problem. The optimization results showed that the developed finite element analysis model were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the proposed optimization tool can reduce the welding deformation considerably.

铝广泛用于需要轻质技术的领域，例如航空航天和汽车工业。然而，铝合金的焊接由于其大的热导率和热膨胀而倾向于在焊接的结构中产生大的变形。因此，本研究旨在通过获得最佳焊接顺序来减少在焊接过程中发生的焊接变形。焊接顺序优化过程包括两个主要阶段。首先涉及通过使用热弹塑性有限元分析来预测焊接变形行为。第二阶段使用遗传算法（GA）优化焊接顺序，该算法不仅考虑焊接顺序，而且考虑焊接方向，可以有效地优化很大的求解空间。此外，这项研究针对当前的优化问题提出了一种合适且有效的遗传算法。优化结果表明，所建立的有限元分析模型与实验结果吻合良好，所提出的优化工具可以大大降低焊接变形。