The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation strategies, planting methods and various nitrogen application rates on water and solutes transport under the root zone. Furthermore, Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the drainage water and soil nutrient (N, K) leaching by the drainage water in the experimental treatments. Results indicated that variable alternate furrow irrigation (VAFI) decreased drainage water by a mean value of 30% compared with that obtained in full irrigation (OFI); whereas, precipitation played a significant role in increasing drainage water. About 60% and 80% of drainage water occurred due to rainfall in the full irrigation strategy in the first and second year, respectively, and most of the drainage water in VAFI strategy occurred due to precipitation as 90% for both years. Additionally, precipitation during the low growth stages of winter wheat (fall and winter) had noticeable influence on solute transport. On average, 75%, and 65% of leached nitrate, and potassium, respectively, occurred due to rainfall in OFI method; however, about 85% of leached nitrate, and potassium in VAFI strategy occurred due to rainfall events. Application of 150 kg N ha−1 decreased about 40% nitrate leaching below the root zone in comparison with that obtained in 300 kg N ha−1 without significant difference in crop yield. Hydrus-1D model reasonably simulated solute transport especially nitrate and potassium. Therefore, Hydrus-1D could be a successful tool for predicting N, and K transport and making proper management decisions to improving environmental problems.

中文翻译：

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不同管理方式下冬小麦田蒸渗仪土壤排水及养分淋失

本研究的目的是调查不同灌溉策略、种植方法和不同施氮量对根区下水和溶质运输的影响。此外，利用Hydrus-1D模型模拟了试验处理中的排水和排水对土壤养分（N、K）的浸出。结果表明，与全灌溉 (OFI) 相比，可变交替沟灌 (VAFI) 平均减少了 30% 的排水量；而降水在增加排水方面发挥了重要作用。全灌策略在第一年和第二年分别约有60%和80%的排水来自降雨，而VAFI策略中的大部分排水来自降水，这两年都占90%。此外，冬小麦低生育期（秋季和冬季）的降水对溶质运输有显着影响。平均而言，OFI 方法中分别有 75% 和 65% 的硝酸盐和钾浸出是由于降雨造成的；然而，大约 85% 的硝酸盐和钾在 VAFI 策略中是由于降雨事件而发生的。与施用 300 kg N ha-1 相比，施用 150 kg N ha-1 减少了约 40% 的根区以下硝酸盐浸出，作物产量没有显着差异。Hydrus-1D 模型合理地模拟了溶质迁移，尤其是硝酸盐和钾。因此，Hydrus-1D 可以成为预测 N 和 K 传输并做出正确管理决策以改善环境问题的成功工具。