Leukemias and lymphomas account for more than half of new cancer cases in children each year. As a result of advancements in clinical protocols, survival rates for hematological malignancies in children now approximately 80% to 90%. The short-term effects of chemotherapy are well documented; however, many late effects remain unclear, notably those on the humoral immune system. The recent resistance toward childhood vaccination in some communities in conjunction with a growing number of potentially underprotected survivors could place this population at increased risk for common communicable diseases. Additionally, survivors could serve as a significant reservoir for further spread of disease within the general population. The state of the scientific knowledge regarding humoral immunity in this population is insufficient for concrete conclusions. An intensive search of the literature on various platforms was performed to identify articles reporting on the rates of protection to common vaccine-preventable diseases in survivors of pediatric hematological malignancies. Articles were selected with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was evaluated against specific methodological standards. Each study shows evidence that participants were lacking immunity to at least one vaccination following treatment. A majority of participants recovered immunity after revaccination, with a small percentage remaining unprotected. There is no consistency between studies regarding the rates at which immunity is present; furthermore, there are no particulars on how long immunity persists following revaccination. Vaccination represents an instrumental public health initiative for reducing morbidity and mortality globally. The clinical ramifications of losing protection against vaccine preventable diseases are therefore serious.

中文翻译：

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儿童血液系统恶性肿瘤幸存者体液免疫状态缺乏共识：综合评价

白血病和淋巴瘤每年占儿童新癌症病例的一半以上。由于临床方案的进步，儿童血液系统恶性肿瘤的存活率现在约为 80% 至 90%。化疗的短期影响已得到充分证明；然而，许多后期影响仍不清楚，特别是对体液免疫系统的影响。最近一些社区对儿童接种疫苗的抵制以及越来越多的潜在保护不足的幸存者可能会使该人群面临更高的常见传染病风险。此外，幸存者可以成为疾病在一般人群中进一步传播的重要宿主。关于该人群体液免疫的科学知识状态不足以得出具体结论。对各种平台上的文献进行了深入搜索，以确定报告儿童血液系统恶性肿瘤幸存者对常见疫苗可预防疾病的保护率的文章。根据纳入和排除标准选择文章。根据特定的方法学标准评估质量。每项研究都表明，参与者在治疗后对至少一种疫苗缺乏免疫力。大多数参与者在重新接种疫苗后恢复了免疫力，只有一小部分人没有受到保护。关于免疫存在率的研究之间没有一致性；此外，没有关于重新接种疫苗后免疫持续多久的详细信息。疫苗接种代表了一项有助于降低全球发病率和死亡率的公共卫生举措。因此，失去对疫苗可预防疾病的保护的临床后果是严重的。