The health crisis brought about by Covid-19 has generated a heightened need for information as a response to a situation of uncertainty and high emotional load, in which fake news and other informative content have grown dramatically. The aim of this work is to delve into the understanding of fake news from the perspective of information behaviour by analysing a sample of fake news items that were spread in Spain during the Covid-19 health crisis. A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). Interactivity features allow commenting in 24.3% of the cases. The dominant theme is society (43.1%), followed by politics (26.4%) and science (23.6%). Finally, fake news, for the most part, does not seem to pose any danger to the health or safety of people – the harm it causes is intangible and moral. The author concludes by highlighting the importance of a culture of civic values to combat fake news.

中文翻译：

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从信息行为的角度理解 Covid-19 健康危机期间的假新闻：以西班牙为例

Covid-19 带来的健康危机产生了对信息的更高需求，以应对不确定性和高情绪负荷的情况，其中假新闻和其他信息内容急剧增加。这项工作的目的是通过分析 Covid-19 健康危机期间在西班牙传播的假新闻样本，从信息行为的角度深入了解假新闻。从 Maldita.es 网站收集了 242 条假新闻样本，并根据认知和情感权威、交互性、主题和潜在危险等标准进行了分析。结果表明认知权威指标的实际缺失（53.7%），而这些新闻的情感权威是通过诋毁人、思想或运动的机制建立的（40. 7%)，其次，使用攻击性或粗俗的语言 (17.7%) 以及比较或参考其他信息来源 (26.6%)。交互功能允许在 24.3% 的情况下发表评论。主导主题是社会（43.1%），其次是政治（26.4%）和科学（23.6%）。最后，在大多数情况下，假新闻似乎不会对人们的健康或安全构成任何威胁——它造成的伤害是无形的和道德的。作者最后强调了公民价值观文化对打击假新闻的重要性。在大多数情况下，似乎不会对人们的健康或安全构成任何危险——它造成的伤害是无形的和道德的。作者最后强调了公民价值观文化对打击假新闻的重要性。在大多数情况下，似乎不会对人们的健康或安全构成任何危险——它造成的伤害是无形的和道德的。作者最后强调了公民价值观文化对打击假新闻的重要性。