Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from inefficient signaling and insufficient production of insulin. Conventional management of T2D has largely relied on small molecule-based oral hypoglycemic medicines, which do not halt the progression of the disease due to limited efficacy and induce adverse effects as well. To this end, antisense oligonucleotide has attracted immense attention in developing antidiabetic agents because of their ability to downregulate the expression of disease-causing genes at the RNA and protein level. To date, seven antisense agents have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for therapies of a variety of human maladies, including genetic disorders. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of antisense molecules developed for suppressing the causative genes believed to be responsible for insulin resistance and hyperglycemia toward preventing and treating T2D.

中文翻译：

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反义寡核苷酸作为 2 型糖尿病的潜在治疗剂

2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 是一种慢性代谢紊乱，其特征是由低效的信号传导和胰岛素产生不足导致的持续高血糖。T2D 的常规管理主要依赖于基于小分子的口服降糖药物，由于疗效有限，这些药物不能阻止疾病的进展，并且还会引起不良反应。为此，反义寡核苷酸在开发抗糖尿病药物方面引起了极大的关注，因为它们能够在 RNA 和蛋白质水平下调致病基因的表达。迄今为止，美国食品和药物管理局已批准七种反义药物用于治疗多种人类疾病，包括遗传疾病。在此处，