This study focuses on combining different bioprocessing tools in order to develop an in-depth engineering approach for enhancing the biological properties of two valuable food by-products, namely fish waste and yellow onion skins, in a single new bioactive formulation. Bone tissue from phytophagous carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was used to obtain bioactive peptides through papain-assisted hydrolysis. The peptides with molecular weight lower than 3 kDa were characterized through MALDI-ToF/ToF mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools. As a prerequisite for microencapsulation, the ability of these peptides to bind the flavonoids extracted from yellow onion skins was further tested through fluorescence quenching measurements. The results obtained demonstrate a considerable binding potency with a binding value of 10⁶ and also the presence of one single or one class of binding site during the interaction process of flavonoids with peptides, in which the main forces involved are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. In the freeze-drying microencapsulation process, an efficiency for total flavonoids of 88.68 ± 2.37% was obtained, considering the total flavonoids and total polyphenols from the powder of 75.72 ± 2.58 quercetin equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and 97.32 ± 2.80 gallic acid equivalents/g DW, respectively. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test on the L929 cell line cultivated in the presence of different concentrations of microencapsulated samples (0.05–1.5 mg/mL) proved no sign of cytotoxicity, the cell viability being over 80% for all the samples.

中文翻译：

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调整从鱼废物中提取的蛋白质水解物和黄洋葱皮中的类黄酮的健康促进潜力：从结合机制到微囊化功能成分

这项研究的重点是结合不同的生物加工工具，以开发一种深入的工程方法，以在单一的新生物活性配方中增强两种有价值的食品副产品，即鱼粪和黄洋葱皮的生物特性。植食性鲤鱼的骨组织 ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) 用于通过木瓜蛋白酶辅助水解获得生物活性肽。分子量低于 3 kDa 的肽通过 MALDI-ToF/ToF 质谱和生物信息学工具进行表征。作为微囊化的先决条件，通过荧光猝灭测量进一步测试了这些肽结合从黄洋葱皮中提取的黄酮类化合物的能力。获得的结果表明具有相当大的结合效力，结合值为 10 ⁶以及在黄酮类化合物与肽类相互作用过程中存在单一或一类结合位点，其中涉及的主要作用力是氢键和范德华相互作用。在冻干微囊化过程中，考虑到来自粉末的总黄酮和总多酚为 75.72 ± 2.58 槲皮素当量/g 干重 (DW) 和 97.32 ± 2.80 没食子酸，获得了 88.68 ± 2.37% 的总黄酮效率。当量/g DW，分别。3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑 (MTT) 对在不同浓度微囊样品 (0.05–1.5 mg/mL) 存在下培养的 L929 细胞系进行的测试证明没有细胞毒性的迹象，所有样品的细胞活力都超过 80%。