Humanity will soon define a new era for nature-one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, are likely to extend and diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation and management effectiveness diminish the potential role of area-based conservation in stemming biodiversity loss. Here we show how the expansion of protected areas by national governments since 2010 has had limited success in increasing the coverage across different elements of biodiversity (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' and wilderness areas) and ecosystem services (productive fisheries, and carbon services on land and sea). To be more successful after 2020, area-based conservation must contribute more effectively to meeting global biodiversity goals-ranging from preventing extinctions to retaining the most-intact ecosystems-and must better collaborate with the many Indigenous peoples, community groups and private initiatives that are central to the successful conservation of biodiversity. The long-term success of area-based conservation requires parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to secure adequate financing, plan for climate change and make biodiversity conservation a far stronger part of land, water and sea management policies.

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二十一世纪的区域保护

人类将很快为自然定义一个新时代——寻求改变数十年来对全球生物多样性危机的平淡反应。基于区域的保护工作，包括保护区和其他有效的基于区域的保护措施，可能会扩大和多样化。然而，生态代表性和管理有效性的持续不足削弱了基于区域的保护在阻止生物多样性丧失方面的潜在作用。在这里，我们展示了自 2010 年以来各国政府扩大保护区在增加生物多样性不同要素（生态区、12,056 个受威胁物种、“关键生物多样性区”和荒野区）和生态系统服务（生产性渔业、以及陆地和海上的碳服务）。为了在 2020 年后取得更大的成功，基于区域的保护必须更有效地为实现全球生物多样性目标做出贡献——从防止灭绝到保留最完整的生态系统——并且必须更好地与许多土著人民、社区团体和私人倡议合作对成功保护生物多样性至关重要。区域保护的长期成功需要《生物多样性公约》的缔约方确保充足的资金，为气候变化制定计划，并使生物多样性保护成为土地、水和海洋管理政策中更重要的一部分。以区域为基础的保护必须更有效地促进实现全球生物多样性目标——从防止灭绝到保持最完整的生态系统——并且必须更好地与对成功保护生物多样性至关重要的许多土著人民、社区团体和私人倡议进行合作. 区域保护的长期成功需要《生物多样性公约》的缔约方确保充足的资金，为气候变化制定计划，并使生物多样性保护成为土地、水和海洋管理政策中更重要的一部分。以区域为基础的保护必须更有效地促进实现全球生物多样性目标——从防止灭绝到保持最完整的生态系统——并且必须更好地与对成功保护生物多样性至关重要的许多土著人民、社区团体和私人倡议进行合作. 区域保护的长期成功需要《生物多样性公约》的缔约方确保充足的资金，为气候变化制定计划，并使生物多样性保护成为土地、水和海洋管理政策中更重要的一部分。