Abstract

Purpose

The nature and kind of some successful mutations achieved through gamma radiation at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow are reviewed and described in this article. Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) came under the mutation-breeding program very late – perhaps during the 1980s in India. Nevertheless, successes have been glaring and unique too. The plant breeders of the Institute concerted attempts were made for the genetic restructuring of the plant-frame in Hyoscyamus niger L. (black henbane) and Cymbopogon martinii (palmarosa), enhanced alkaloid biosynthesis in henbane, weak, or lack of latex biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum L. (Opium poppy), increased productivity of seeds in Plantago ovata F. (isabgol), and new/increased formation of essential oils in Chamomila recutita [L.] Rauschert (Chamomile) and Cymbopogon winterianus (Java citronella). Several qualitative macro mutations were generated for commercial exploitation, e.g. an unbranched (Ub) and physiologically most efficient variety Aekla and high tropane alkaloid bearing variety Aela of H. niger, opium less oil-seed variety Sujata of opium poppy, a dwarf mutant and a male sterile (ms) line of palmarosa, and new compound yielding variety of chamomile and geranium.

Conclusions

The ample quantitative variation was also created by reshuffling the polygenic background in both seed and vegetatively propagated MACs, and subsequently, with applying mutation breeding approach superior varieties were evolved and released after a rigorous screening in the field-evaluation or under pipeline for release. These varieties are Niharika and Mayuri of psyllium; Vallary, CIMAP Sammohak, CIM Ujjwala, and YEL (yellow) of German chamomile and Manjari and CIM Jeeva of Java citronella.

摘要

目的：本文回顾并描述了通过勒克瑙CSIR-CIMAP的γ射线成功完成的某些突变的性质和种类。药用和芳香作物很晚才进入突变育种计划，可能是在1980年代的印度。然而，成功也同样耀眼而独特。研究所的植物育种者共同努力，进行了黑Hy（Hyoscyamus niger L。）（黑henbane）和马齿C（Cymbopogon martinii）（palmarosa）的植物构架的基因重组，增强了神烷中生物碱的生物合成，罂粟的乳胶生物合成弱或缺乏。L.（罂粟），提高车前子的种子的生产力F.（isabgol），以及在Chamomila recutita [L.] Rauschert（洋甘菊）和Cymbopogon winterianus（爪哇香茅）中新的/增加的精油形成。产生了一些定性的宏观突变，用于商业开发，例如，无分支和生理上最有效的变种Aekla和黑Hy的高托烷生物碱变种Aela ，鸦片罂粟的无鸦片油料品种Sujata，矮化突变体和雄性不育系棕榈和新的化合物，可产生各种洋甘菊和天竺葵。

结论：通过改组种子和无性繁殖的MAC中的多基因背景，还产生了足够的定量变异，随后，采用突变育种方法，经过严格的现场评估或在管道中进行筛选，然后进化并释放了优良品种。 。这些品种是车前草的Niharika和Mayuri。Vallary，CIMAP Sammohak，CIM Ujjwala和德国洋甘菊的YEL（黄色）以及Java香茅油的Manjari和CIM Jeeva。