Abstract The dependence of the microstructure and domain structure of sodium niobate ceramics on the production conditions (synthesis temperature of the initial composition and sintering temperature of the samples) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM). It is found that the samples whose material was obtained without re-synthesis have a larger grain size. The deleting of re-synthesis makes it possible to obtain sodium niobate ceramics with ferroelectric properties at the 1100 °C sintering temperature, while for samples which are obtained by double synthesis, they appear only at sintering temperatures above 1200 °C.

中文翻译：

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制备条件对铌酸钠陶瓷晶粒形成和畴结构的影响

摘要 通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和压电力显微镜（PFM）研究了铌酸钠陶瓷的微观结构和畴结构对生产条件（初始成分的合成温度和样品的烧结温度）的依赖性。发现其材料未经重新合成的样品具有较大的晶粒尺寸。取消再合成使得在1100°C烧结温度下获得具有铁电性能的铌酸钠陶瓷成为可能，而对于双合成得到的样品，它们仅在1200°C以上的烧结温度下才会出现。