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Late-onset vs nonmendelian early-onset Alzheimer disease: A distinction without a difference?
Neurology Genetics ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000512
Christiane Reitz 1 , Ekaterina Rogaeva 1 , Gary W Beecham 1
Affiliation  

There is mounting evidence that only a small fraction of early-onset Alzheimer disease cases (onset <65 years) are explained by known mutations. Even multiplex families with early onset often also have late-onset cases, suggesting that the commonly applied categorization of Alzheimer disease into early- and late-onset forms may not reflect distinct underlying etiology. Nevertheless, this categorization continues to govern today's research and the design of clinical trials. The aim of this review is to evaluate this categorization by providing a comprehensive, critical review of reported clinical, neuropathologic, and genomic characteristics of both onset-based subtypes and explore potential overlap between both categories. The article will lay out the need to comprehensively assess the phenotypic, neuropathologic, and molecular variability in Alzheimer disease and identify factors explaining the observed significant variation in onset age in persons with and without known mutations. The article will critically review ongoing large-scale genomic efforts in Alzheimer disease research (e.g., Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project, Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) and their shortcomings to disentangle the delineation of unexplained nonmendelian early-onset from late-onset and mendelian forms of Alzheimer disease. In addition, it will outline specific approaches including epigenetic research through which a comprehensive characterization of this delineation can be achieved.



中文翻译:

晚发性与非孟德尔早发性阿尔茨海默病:没有区别的区别?

越来越多的证据表明,只有一小部分早发性阿尔茨海默病病例(发病 <65 岁)可以用已知突变来解释。即使是早发的多重家庭也经常有晚发病例,这表明通常将阿尔茨海默病分为早发和晚发形式可能无法反映不同的潜在病因。然而,这种分类继续支配着今天的研究和临床试验的设计。本综述的目的是通过对报告的两种基于发病的亚型的临床、神经病理学和基因组特征进行全面、严格的审查来评估这一分类,并探索这两种类型之间的潜在重叠。本文将阐述全面评估表型、神经病理学、和阿尔茨海默病的分子变异性,并确定解释在有和没有已知突变的人中观察到的发病年龄显着变化的因素。这篇文章将批判性地回顾正在进行的阿尔茨海默病研究中正在进行的大规模基因组工作(例如,阿尔茨海默病测序项目、显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络、阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议)及其在区分不明原因的非孟德尔早发型和晚发型方面的缺点和孟德尔形式的阿尔茨海默病。此外,它将概述包括表观遗传研究在内的具体方法,通过这些方法可以实现对这种描述的全面表征。这篇文章将批判性地回顾正在进行的阿尔茨海默病研究中正在进行的大规模基因组工作(例如,阿尔茨海默病测序项目、显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络、阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议)及其在区分不明原因非孟德尔早发型和晚发型的缺点和孟德尔形式的阿尔茨海默病。此外,它将概述包括表观遗传研究在内的具体方法,通过这些方法可以实现对这种描述的全面表征。这篇文章将批判性地回顾正在进行的阿尔茨海默病研究中正在进行的大规模基因组工作(例如,阿尔茨海默病测序项目、显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络、阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议)及其在区分不明原因的非孟德尔早发型和晚发型方面的缺点和孟德尔形式的阿尔茨海默病。此外,它将概述包括表观遗传研究在内的具体方法,通过这些方法可以实现对这种描述的全面表征。阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划)及其在区分不明原因的非孟德尔早发性阿尔茨海默病与晚发性和孟德尔阿尔茨海默病形式方面的缺点。此外,它将概述包括表观遗传研究在内的具体方法,通过这些方法可以实现对这种描述的全面表征。阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划)及其在区分不明原因的非孟德尔早发性阿尔茨海默病与晚发性和孟德尔形式的阿尔茨海默病方面的缺点。此外,它将概述包括表观遗传研究在内的具体方法,通过这些方法可以实现对这种描述的全面表征。

更新日期:2020-10-07
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